महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-35, verse-24

सुधन्वोवाच ।
यां रात्रिमधिविन्ना स्त्री यां चैवाक्षपराजितः ।
यां च भाराभितप्ताङ्गो दुर्विवक्ता स्म तां वसेत् ॥२४॥

24. sudhanvovāca ,
yāṁ rātrimadhivinnā strī yāṁ caivākṣaparājitaḥ ,
yāṁ ca bhārābhitaptāṅgo durvivaktā sma tāṁ vaset.

24. sudhanvaḥ uvāca yām rātrim adhivinnā strī yām ca eva
akṣaparājitaḥ yām ca bhārābhitaptāṅgaḥ durvivaktā sma tām vaset

24. Sudhanvan said: One should indeed endure such a night as that experienced by a woman whose husband has taken another wife, or one defeated in a dice game, or one whose body is tormented by a heavy burden, or one who has spoken ill.

24. סוּדְהַנְוַה אמר, את הלילה שבו אישה סובלת מכך שהובאה לה צרה, את הלילה של מי שהפסיד בקוביות, ואת הלילה של מי שאבריו מתייסרים מנשיאת משא, את הלילה הזה חווה הדובר הרע.

Words meanings summery:

• सुधन्वः (sudhanvaḥ) - The name of a speaker in the text. (Sudhanvan)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• याम् (yām) - Referring to 'rātrim' (night). (which, that (feminine accusative singular))

• रात्रिम् (rātrim) - A difficult or unpleasant night. (night)

• अधिविन्ना (adhivinnā) - A woman whose husband has taken another wife. (superseded (woman), taken as a second wife)

• स्त्री (strī) - A wife who has been superseded by a co-wife. (woman, wife)

• याम् (yām) - Referring to 'rātrim' (night). (which, that (feminine accusative singular))

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - Emphatic particle, 'certainly'. (indeed, just, only)

• अक्षपराजितः (akṣaparājitaḥ) - A person who has lost a game of dice. (defeated in dice)

• याम् (yām) - Referring to 'rātrim' (night). (which, that (feminine accusative singular))

• च (ca) - and, also

• भाराभितप्ताङ्गः (bhārābhitaptāṅgaḥ) - A person suffering from carrying a heavy load. (one whose limbs are tormented by a burden)

• दुर्विवक्ता (durvivaktā) - A person who has uttered harsh or inappropriate words. (bad speaker, one who has spoken wrongly)

• स्म (sma) - Emphasizing the preceding list of unfortunate situations. (indeed, certainly)

• ताम् (tām) - Referring to 'rātrim' (night). (that (feminine accusative singular))

• वसेत् (vaset) - Should experience or endure such a night. (should dwell, should live (through))

Words meanings and morphology

सुधन्वः (sudhanvaḥ) - The name of a speaker in the text. (Sudhanvan)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudhanvan

sudhanvan - Sudhanvan (proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

Perfect active, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Strong stem root reduplication is irregular here

याम् (yām) - Referring to 'rātrim' (night). (which, that (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

रात्रिम् (rātrim) - A difficult or unpleasant night. (night)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

अधिविन्ना (adhivinnā) - A woman whose husband has taken another wife. (superseded (woman), taken as a second wife)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of adhivinna

adhivinna - superseded (wife), one whose husband has married another

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √vid with prefix adhi-

Prefix: adhi

Root: vid (class 6)

स्त्री (strī) - A wife who has been superseded by a co-wife. (woman, wife)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, wife

याम् (yām) - Referring to 'rātrim' (night). (which, that (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Emphatic particle, 'certainly'. (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

अक्षपराजितः (akṣaparājitaḥ) - A person who has lost a game of dice. (defeated in dice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṣaparājita

akṣaparājita - defeated in dice

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (akṣa+parājita)

• akṣa – dice, a die
  noun (masculine)
• parājita – defeated, overcome
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √ji with prefix parā-
  Prefix: parā
  Root: ji (class 1)

याम् (yām) - Referring to 'rātrim' (night). (which, that (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भाराभितप्ताङ्गः (bhārābhitaptāṅgaḥ) - A person suffering from carrying a heavy load. (one whose limbs are tormented by a burden)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhārābhitaptāṅga

bhārābhitaptāṅga - whose body is tormented by a burden

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhāra+abhitapta+aṅga)

• bhāra – burden, weight, load
  noun (masculine)
• abhitapta – tormented, afflicted, heated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √tap with prefix abhi-
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: tap (class 1)
• aṅga – limb, body, part
  noun (neuter)

दुर्विवक्ता (durvivaktā) - A person who has uttered harsh or inappropriate words. (bad speaker, one who has spoken wrongly)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durvivaktṛ

durvivaktṛ - bad speaker, one who has spoken ill

Agent noun

Derived from dur-vi-√vac + tṛn

Prefixes: dur+vi

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: This is a form of an agent noun ending in -tṛ

स्म (sma) - Emphasizing the preceding list of unfortunate situations. (indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Often used with present tense verbs to denote past action, or as an emphatic particle.

ताम् (tām) - Referring to 'rātrim' (night). (that (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

वसेत् (vaset) - Should experience or endure such a night. (should dwell, should live (through))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vas

Optative mood

Optative active, 3rd person singular

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Refers to the act of enduring or experiencing the night.

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