महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-35, verse-24

सुधन्वोवाच ।
यां रात्रिमधिविन्ना स्त्री यां चैवाक्षपराजितः ।
यां च भाराभितप्ताङ्गो दुर्विवक्ता स्म तां वसेत् ॥२४॥

24. sudhanvovāca ,
yāṁ rātrimadhivinnā strī yāṁ caivākṣaparājitaḥ ,
yāṁ ca bhārābhitaptāṅgo durvivaktā sma tāṁ vaset.

24. sudhanvaḥ uvāca yām rātrim adhivinnā strī yām ca eva
akṣaparājitaḥ yām ca bhārābhitaptāṅgaḥ durvivaktā sma tām vaset

24. Sudhanvan said: One should indeed endure such a night as that experienced by a woman whose husband has taken another wife, or one defeated in a dice game, or one whose body is tormented by a heavy burden, or one who has spoken ill.

Words meanings summery:

• सुधन्वः (sudhanvaḥ) - The name of a speaker in the text. (Sudhanvan)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• याम् (yām) - Referring to 'rātrim' (night). (which, that (feminine accusative singular))

• रात्रिम् (rātrim) - A difficult or unpleasant night. (night)

• अधिविन्ना (adhivinnā) - A woman whose husband has taken another wife. (superseded (woman), taken as a second wife)

• स्त्री (strī) - A wife who has been superseded by a co-wife. (woman, wife)

• याम् (yām) - Referring to 'rātrim' (night). (which, that (feminine accusative singular))

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - Emphatic particle, 'certainly'. (indeed, just, only)

• अक्षपराजितः (akṣaparājitaḥ) - A person who has lost a game of dice. (defeated in dice)

• याम् (yām) - Referring to 'rātrim' (night). (which, that (feminine accusative singular))

• च (ca) - and, also

• भाराभितप्ताङ्गः (bhārābhitaptāṅgaḥ) - A person suffering from carrying a heavy load. (one whose limbs are tormented by a burden)

• दुर्विवक्ता (durvivaktā) - A person who has uttered harsh or inappropriate words. (bad speaker, one who has spoken wrongly)

• स्म (sma) - Emphasizing the preceding list of unfortunate situations. (indeed, certainly)

• ताम् (tām) - Referring to 'rātrim' (night). (that (feminine accusative singular))

• वसेत् (vaset) - Should experience or endure such a night. (should dwell, should live (through))

Words meanings and morphology

सुधन्वः (sudhanvaḥ) - The name of a speaker in the text. (Sudhanvan)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudhanvan

sudhanvan - Sudhanvan (proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

Perfect active, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Strong stem root reduplication is irregular here

याम् (yām) - Referring to 'rātrim' (night). (which, that (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

रात्रिम् (rātrim) - A difficult or unpleasant night. (night)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

अधिविन्ना (adhivinnā) - A woman whose husband has taken another wife. (superseded (woman), taken as a second wife)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of adhivinna

adhivinna - superseded (wife), one whose husband has married another

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √vid with prefix adhi-

Prefix: adhi

Root: vid (class 6)

स्त्री (strī) - A wife who has been superseded by a co-wife. (woman, wife)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, wife

याम् (yām) - Referring to 'rātrim' (night). (which, that (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Emphatic particle, 'certainly'. (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

अक्षपराजितः (akṣaparājitaḥ) - A person who has lost a game of dice. (defeated in dice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṣaparājita

akṣaparājita - defeated in dice

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (akṣa+parājita)

• akṣa – dice, a die
  noun (masculine)
• parājita – defeated, overcome
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √ji with prefix parā-
  Prefix: parā
  Root: ji (class 1)

याम् (yām) - Referring to 'rātrim' (night). (which, that (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भाराभितप्ताङ्गः (bhārābhitaptāṅgaḥ) - A person suffering from carrying a heavy load. (one whose limbs are tormented by a burden)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhārābhitaptāṅga

bhārābhitaptāṅga - whose body is tormented by a burden

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhāra+abhitapta+aṅga)

• bhāra – burden, weight, load
  noun (masculine)
• abhitapta – tormented, afflicted, heated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √tap with prefix abhi-
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: tap (class 1)
• aṅga – limb, body, part
  noun (neuter)

दुर्विवक्ता (durvivaktā) - A person who has uttered harsh or inappropriate words. (bad speaker, one who has spoken wrongly)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durvivaktṛ

durvivaktṛ - bad speaker, one who has spoken ill

Agent noun

Derived from dur-vi-√vac + tṛn

Prefixes: dur+vi

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: This is a form of an agent noun ending in -tṛ

स्म (sma) - Emphasizing the preceding list of unfortunate situations. (indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Often used with present tense verbs to denote past action, or as an emphatic particle.

ताम् (tām) - Referring to 'rātrim' (night). (that (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

वसेत् (vaset) - Should experience or endure such a night. (should dwell, should live (through))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vas

Optative mood

Optative active, 3rd person singular

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Refers to the act of enduring or experiencing the night.