महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-35, verse-32

विदुर उवाच ।
तस्माद्राजेन्द्र भूम्यर्थे नानृतं वक्तुमर्हसि ।
मा गमः ससुतामात्योऽत्ययं पुत्राननुभ्रमन् ॥३२॥

32. vidura uvāca ,
tasmādrājendra bhūmyarthe nānṛtaṁ vaktumarhasi ,
mā gamaḥ sasutāmātyo'tyayaṁ putrānanubhraman.

32. vidura uvāca tasmāt rājendra bhūmyarthe na anṛtam vaktum
arhasi mā gamaḥ sasutāmātyaḥ atyayam putrān anubhraman

32. Vidura said: "Therefore, O best of kings, you should not speak an untruth for the sake of land. Do not, by following your sons, fall into calamity along with your sons and ministers."

Words meanings summery:

• विदुर (vidura) - Vidura

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O best of kings, O king of kings)

• भूम्यर्थे (bhūmyarthe) - for the sake of land, for the purpose of land

• न (na) - not, no

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, lie

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you deserve, you are able

• मा (mā) - not, do not (prohibitive)

• गमः (gamaḥ) - you should go, you should fall into

• ससुतामात्यः (sasutāmātyaḥ) - with sons and ministers, accompanied by sons and ministers

• अत्ययम् (atyayam) - calamity, ruin, transgression

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons, children

• अनुभ्रमन् (anubhraman) - following, wandering after, indulging

Words meanings and morphology

विदुर (vidura) - Vidura

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - a proper name, son of Vyāsa and a maidservant

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Irregular perfect of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used as an indeclinable adverbial 'therefore' here.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O best of kings, O king of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, best of kings

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, best, Lord Indra
  noun (masculine)

भूम्यर्थे (bhūmyarthe) - for the sake of land, for the purpose of land

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhūmyartha

bhūmyartha - purpose of land, sake of land

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhūmi+artha)

• bhūmi – earth, land, ground
  noun (feminine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'for the sake of'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, lie

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, lie, falsehood

Negation of ṛta (truth)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+ṛta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order
  noun (neuter)

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say

(verb)

infinitive of vac

Infinitive

Formed from root vac + tumun suffix

Root: vac (class 2)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you deserve, you are able

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of arh

Present Active Indicative

From root arh (1st class)

Root: arh (class 1)

मा (mā) - not, do not (prohibitive)

(indeclinable)

गमः (gamaḥ) - you should go, you should fall into

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist injunctive (luṅ) of gam

Aorist Injunctive

Aorist, second person singular, active voice. Used with 'mā' for prohibition.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used with 'mā' for prohibition.

ससुतामात्यः (sasutāmātyaḥ) - with sons and ministers, accompanied by sons and ministers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sasutāmātya

sasutāmātya - accompanied by sons and ministers

Formed with sa- prefix meaning "with"

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+suta+āmātya)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• suta – son, child
  noun (masculine)
  Originally a past passive participle from root sū (to procreate), but here used as a noun.
  Root: sū (class 2)
• āmātya – minister, companion
  noun (masculine)

Note: It qualifies the implied 'you' (Dhṛtarāṣṭra).

अत्ययम् (atyayam) - calamity, ruin, transgression

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atyaya

atyaya - calamity, ruin, transgression, passing away

From ati + i (to go)

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of 'gamaḥ'.

पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons, children

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of 'anubhraman'.

अनुभ्रमन् (anubhraman) - following, wandering after, indulging

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anubhramat

anubhramat - following, wandering after

Present Active Participle

From root bhram (1st class) with prefix anu

Prefix: anu

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied subject 'you'.