महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-16, verse-43

यं सांख्या गुणतत्त्वज्ञाः सांख्यशास्त्रविशारदाः ।
सूक्ष्मज्ञानरताः पूर्वं ज्ञात्वा मुच्यन्ति बन्धनैः ॥४३॥

43. yaṁ sāṁkhyā guṇatattvajñāḥ sāṁkhyaśāstraviśāradāḥ ,
sūkṣmajñānaratāḥ pūrvaṁ jñātvā mucyanti bandhanaiḥ.

43. yam sāṅkhyāḥ guṇatattvajñāḥ sāṅkhyaśāstraviśāradāḥ
sūkṣmajñānaratāḥ pūrvam jñātvā mucyanti bandhanaiḥ

43. yam guṇatattvajñāḥ sāṅkhyaśāstraviśāradāḥ sūkṣmajñānaratāḥ sāṅkhyāḥ pūrvam jñātvā bandhanaiḥ mucyanti.

43. Followers of the Sāṅkhya (sāṅkhya) philosophy, who are knowledgeable about the principles of the cosmic qualities (guṇa), experts in Sāṅkhya treatises, and devoted to subtle knowledge, having first understood that (supreme truth), become liberated from bonds.

Words meanings summery:

• यम् (yam) - which, whom, what

• साङ्ख्याः (sāṅkhyāḥ) - Sāṅkhya philosophers (followers of Sāṅkhya, Sāṅkhya philosophers)

• गुणतत्त्वज्ञाः (guṇatattvajñāḥ) - knowers of the principles of the cosmic qualities (guṇa) (knowers of the principles of qualities, acquainted with the nature of guṇas)

• साङ्ख्यशास्त्रविशारदाः (sāṅkhyaśāstraviśāradāḥ) - experts in Sāṅkhya scriptures

• सूक्ष्मज्ञानरताः (sūkṣmajñānaratāḥ) - devoted to subtle knowledge, immersed in subtle knowledge

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly, first

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

• मुच्यन्ति (mucyanti) - are liberated, are released

• बन्धनैः (bandhanaiḥ) - by bonds, from bonds, by fetters

Words meanings and morphology

यम् (yam) - which, whom, what

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ya

ya - which, what, who

Note: Refers to the supreme truth/gain.

साङ्ख्याः (sāṅkhyāḥ) - Sāṅkhya philosophers (followers of Sāṅkhya, Sāṅkhya philosophers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāṅkhya

sāṅkhya - relating to number; a follower of the Sāṅkhya philosophy

Note: Subject of 'mucyanti'.

गुणतत्त्वज्ञाः (guṇatattvajñāḥ) - knowers of the principles of the cosmic qualities (guṇa) (knowers of the principles of qualities, acquainted with the nature of guṇas)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇatattvajña

guṇatattvajña - knower of the principles/essences of the guṇas

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (guṇa+tattva+jña)

• guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent of nature
  noun (masculine)
• tattva – truth, reality, principle, essence
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knowing, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'sāṅkhyāḥ'.

साङ्ख्यशास्त्रविशारदाः (sāṅkhyaśāstraviśāradāḥ) - experts in Sāṅkhya scriptures

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāṅkhyaśāstraviśārada

sāṅkhyaśāstraviśārada - expert in Sāṅkhya treatises/sciences

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sāṅkhyaśāstra+viśārada)

• sāṅkhyaśāstra – Sāṅkhya scripture/treatise
  compound (neuter)
• viśārada – expert, skilled, proficient
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'sāṅkhyāḥ'.

सूक्ष्मज्ञानरताः (sūkṣmajñānaratāḥ) - devoted to subtle knowledge, immersed in subtle knowledge

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sūkṣmajñānarata

sūkṣmajñānarata - devoted to subtle knowledge

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sūkṣmajñāna+rata)

• sūkṣmajñāna – subtle knowledge
  compound (neuter)
• rata – delighted, devoted, attached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ram (to delight)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sāṅkhyāḥ'.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly, first

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb here, 'first' or 'previously'.

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root jñā (class 9) with suffix -tvā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Gerund/absolutive form.

मुच्यन्ति (mucyanti) - are liberated, are released

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of muc

present indicative

Present tense, ātmanepada (passive form), 3rd person plural

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: The subject is 'sāṅkhyāḥ'.

बन्धनैः (bandhanaiḥ) - by bonds, from bonds, by fetters

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of bandhana

bandhana - bond, fetter, tying, bondage

Derived from root bandh (to bind)

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Indicates the means or cause of liberation (freedom from bonds).