महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-16, verse-41

यं ज्ञात्वा न पुनर्जन्म मरणं चापि विद्यते ।
यं विदित्वा परं वेद्यं वेदितव्यं न विद्यते ॥४१॥

41. yaṁ jñātvā na punarjanma maraṇaṁ cāpi vidyate ,
yaṁ viditvā paraṁ vedyaṁ veditavyaṁ na vidyate.

41. yam jñātvā na punar-janma maraṇam ca api vidyate
yam viditvā param vedyam veditavyam na vidyate

41. yam jñātvā punar-janma ca maraṇam ca api na vidyate.
yam viditvā param vedyam ca veditavyam ca na vidyate.

41. Having known whom, there is no return to birth (punarjanma) or death again. Having known whom, there remains nothing further to be known or understood.

Words meanings summery:

• यम् (yam) - whom (accusative singular)

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

• न (na) - not, no

• पुनर्-जन्म (punar-janma) - return to birth (rebirth, repeated birth)

• मरणम् (maraṇam) - death, dying

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is present

• यम् (yam) - whom (accusative singular)

• विदित्वा (viditvā) - having known, having understood

• परम् (param) - higher, ultimate (supreme, highest, ultimate; other, next)

• वेद्यम् (vedyam) - knowable, that which is to be known, object of knowledge

• वेदितव्यम् (veditavyam) - that which should be known, knowable

• न (na) - not, no

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is present

Words meanings and morphology

यम् (yam) - whom (accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive participle derived from √jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

पुनर्-जन्म (punar-janma) - return to birth (rebirth, repeated birth)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of punar-janman

punar-janman - rebirth, regeneration, repeated existence

Compound type : avyayībhāva (punar+janman)

• punar – again, anew, back
  indeclinable
• janman – birth, production, origin
  noun (neuter)

मरणम् (maraṇam) - death, dying

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is present

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Indicative

3rd person singular Atmanepada, Present Tense (from root 'vid' meaning 'to be')

Root: vid (class 4)

यम् (yam) - whom (accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

विदित्वा (viditvā) - having known, having understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive participle derived from √vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

परम् (param) - higher, ultimate (supreme, highest, ultimate; other, next)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, different, subsequent; supreme, highest, ultimate

वेद्यम् (vedyam) - knowable, that which is to be known, object of knowledge

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vedya

vedya - to be known, knowable, discernible; an object of knowledge

Gerundive

Gerundive derived from √vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

वेदितव्यम् (veditavyam) - that which should be known, knowable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of veditavya

veditavya - that which should be known, knowable, comprehensible

Gerundive

Gerundive derived from √vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is present

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Indicative

3rd person singular Atmanepada, Present Tense (from root 'vid' meaning 'to be')

Root: vid (class 4)