महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-274, verse-54

शार्दूलेष्वथ धर्मज्ञ श्रमो ज्वर इहोच्यते ।
मानुषेषु तु धर्मज्ञ ज्वरो नामैष विश्रुतः ।
मरणे जन्मनि तथा मध्ये चाविशते नरम् ॥५४॥

54. śārdūleṣvatha dharmajña śramo jvara ihocyate ,
mānuṣeṣu tu dharmajña jvaro nāmaiṣa viśrutaḥ ,
maraṇe janmani tathā madhye cāviśate naram.

54. śārdūleṣu atha dharmajña śramaḥ jvaraḥ
iha ucyate mānuṣeṣu tu dharmajña
jvaraḥ nāma eṣa viśrutaḥ maraṇe
janmani tathā madhye ca āviśate naram

54. dharmajña atha śārdūleṣu śramaḥ jvaraḥ
iha ucyate tu dharmajña mānuṣeṣu
eṣaḥ jvaraḥ nāma viśrutaḥ tathā
maraṇe janmani madhye ca naram āviśate

54. O knower of natural law (dharma), among tigers, fatigue is referred to as fever in this context. However, among humans, O knower of natural law (dharma), this (condition) is widely known simply as fever. It enters a person at birth, at death, and in between these two stages.

Words meanings summery:

• शार्दूलेषु (śārdūleṣu) - among tigers, in tigers

• अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon, moreover

• धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of natural law, O righteous one

• श्रमः (śramaḥ) - fatigue, exertion, toil

• ज्वरः (jvaraḥ) - fever, sickness

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said

• मानुषेषु (mānuṣeṣu) - among humans, in humans

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of natural law, O righteous one

• ज्वरः (jvaraḥ) - fever, sickness

• नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, namely

• एष (eṣa) - this (masculine)

• विश्रुतः (viśrutaḥ) - well-known, famous, renowned

• मरणे (maraṇe) - at death, in death

• जन्मनि (janmani) - at birth, in birth

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, and, also

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, between

• च (ca) - and

• आविशते (āviśate) - enters, pervades

• नरम् (naram) - a man, a person

Words meanings and morphology

शार्दूलेषु (śārdūleṣu) - among tigers, in tigers

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of śārdūla

śārdūla - tiger, cheetah, leopard; a distinguished person

अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon, moreover

(indeclinable)

धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of natural law, O righteous one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of natural law (dharma), righteous, virtuous

Compound: dharma (natural law) + jña (knower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, proper conduct
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from verb root
  Derived from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

श्रमः (śramaḥ) - fatigue, exertion, toil

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrama

śrama - fatigue, exertion, toil, asceticism

From root śram (to be weary)

Root: śram (class 4)

ज्वरः (jvaraḥ) - fever, sickness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jvara

jvara - fever, disease, sickness, passion

From root jvar (to be hot, feverish)

Root: jvar (class 1)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present passive

Form of the root vac, with passive suffix ya and middle ending te.

Root: vac (class 2)

मानुषेषु (mānuṣeṣu) - among humans, in humans

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, pertaining to humans, man

Derived from manu (man, human)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of natural law, O righteous one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of natural law (dharma), righteous, virtuous

Compound: dharma (natural law) + jña (knower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, proper conduct
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from verb root
  Derived from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

ज्वरः (jvaraḥ) - fever, sickness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jvara

jvara - fever, disease, sickness, passion

From root jvar (to be hot, feverish)

Root: jvar (class 1)

नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, namely

(indeclinable)

एष (eṣa) - this (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

विश्रुतः (viśrutaḥ) - well-known, famous, renowned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśruta

viśruta - well-known, famous, heard

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śru (to hear) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Used as an adjective describing jvara.

मरणे (maraṇe) - at death, in death

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying

Action noun

Derived from root mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

जन्मनि (janmani) - at birth, in birth

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of janman

janman - birth, origin, life, existence

Action noun

Derived from root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, and, also

(indeclinable)

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, between

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, central, intermediate

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आविशते (āviśate) - enters, pervades

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of viś

Present middle

From root viś with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Middle voice ending used.

नरम् (naram) - a man, a person

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, male, human being

Note: Object of āviśate.