महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-274, verse-24

उमा उवाच ।
यज्ञमेतं महाभाग किमर्थं नाभिगच्छसि ।
केन वा प्रतिषेधेन गमनं ते न विद्यते ॥२४॥

24. umā uvāca ,
yajñametaṁ mahābhāga kimarthaṁ nābhigacchasi ,
kena vā pratiṣedhena gamanaṁ te na vidyate.

24. umā uvāca yajñam etam mahābhāga kimartham na
abhigacchasi kena vā pratiṣedhena gamanam te na vidyate

24. umā uvāca mahābhāga kimartham etam yajñam na
abhigacchasi vā kena pratiṣedhena te gamanam na vidyate

24. Umā said: O greatly fortunate one, why do you not attend this Vedic ritual (yajña)? Or by what prohibition is your presence not possible?

Words meanings summery:

• उमा (umā) - Umā (a name of Pārvatī, wife of Shiva)

• उवाच (uvāca) - she said, spoke

• यज्ञम् (yajñam) - Vedic ritual, sacrifice

• एतम् (etam) - this

• महाभाग (mahābhāga) - O greatly fortunate one

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

• न (na) - not, no

• अभिगच्छसि (abhigacchasi) - you go near, you approach, you attend

• केन (kena) - by what, by whom

• वा (vā) - or, either

• प्रतिषेधेन (pratiṣedhena) - by prohibition, by forbidding

• गमनम् (gamanam) - going, movement, departure

• ते (te) - your, to you

• न (na) - not, no

• विद्यते (vidyate) - it exists, it is found

Words meanings and morphology

उमा (umā) - Umā (a name of Pārvatī, wife of Shiva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of umā

umā - Umā, Pārvatī (name of Shiva's wife)

उवाच (uvāca) - she said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root verb.

Root: vac (class 2)

यज्ञम् (yajñam) - Vedic ritual, sacrifice

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - Vedic ritual, sacrifice, worship

From root 'yaj' (to worship, to perform a Vedic ritual) + 'na' suffix.

Root: yaj (class 1)

एतम् (etam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

महाभाग (mahābhāga) - O greatly fortunate one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābhāga

mahābhāga - greatly fortunate, noble, illustrious

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bhāga)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• bhāga – portion, share, fortune, destiny
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'bhaj' (to divide, share) + 'a' suffix.
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Refers to Maheśvara.

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

(indeclinable)

Compound adverb formed from 'kim' (what) and 'artha' (purpose).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which, why
  interrogative pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अभिगच्छसि (abhigacchasi) - you go near, you approach, you attend

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of abhigam

Root 'gam' with prefix 'abhi'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

केन (kena) - by what, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

प्रतिषेधेन (pratiṣedhena) - by prohibition, by forbidding

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pratiṣedha

pratiṣedha - prohibition, refusal, denial

From prefix 'prati' + root 'sidh' (to ward off) + 'a' suffix.

Prefix: prati

Root: sidh (class 1)

गमनम् (gamanam) - going, movement, departure

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gamana

gamana - going, moving, proceeding, presence

action noun

Formed from root 'gam' (to go) + suffix 'ana'.

Root: gam (class 1)

ते (te) - your, to you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

Second person pronoun.

Note: Used as an enclitic form of the genitive 'tava' or dative 'tubhyam'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

विद्यते (vidyate) - it exists, it is found

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vid

Root verb, Atmanepada. Here, passive-like usage (to be found, to exist).

Root: vid (class 4)