महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-274, verse-52

रन्ध्रागतमथाश्वानां शिखोद्भेदश्च बर्हिणाम् ।
नेत्ररोगः कोकिलानां ज्वरः प्रोक्तो महात्मना ॥५२॥

52. randhrāgatamathāśvānāṁ śikhodbhedaśca barhiṇām ,
netrarogaḥ kokilānāṁ jvaraḥ prokto mahātmanā.

52. randhrāgatam atha aśvānām śikhodbhedaḥ ca barhiṇām
| netrarogaḥ kokilānām jvaraḥ proktaḥ mahātmanā

52. atha aśvānām randhrāgatam,
barhiṇām ca śikhodbhedaḥ,
kokilānām netrarogaḥ (iti sarvam) mahātmanā jvaraḥ proktaḥ

52. A disease affecting the orifices (randhrāgata) is for horses, and a disorder of the crest (śikhodbheda) is for peacocks. Eye disease (netraroga) is for cuckoos; all these are declared as 'fever' (jvara) by the great soul (mahātman).

Words meanings summery:

• रन्ध्रागतम् (randhrāgatam) - disease affecting the orifices (randhrāgata) (that which has entered a hole/orifice, a disease affecting an orifice)

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover, and

• अश्वानाम् (aśvānām) - of horses

• शिखोद्भेदः (śikhodbhedaḥ) - disorder of the crest (śikhodbheda) (eruption of crests, growth of crests, a disease of the crest)

• च (ca) - and, also

• बर्हिणाम् (barhiṇām) - of peacocks

• नेत्ररोगः (netrarogaḥ) - eye disease (netraroga) (eye disease, eye affliction)

• कोकिलानाम् (kokilānām) - of cuckoos

• ज्वरः (jvaraḥ) - fever (jvara), as a general category for ailments (fever, disease, ailment)

• प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - declared, said, proclaimed, taught

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great soul (mahātman) or sage (by the great soul, by the great being, by the noble one)

Words meanings and morphology

रन्ध्रागतम् (randhrāgatam) - disease affecting the orifices (randhrāgata) (that which has entered a hole/orifice, a disease affecting an orifice)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of randhrāgata

randhrāgata - that which has entered an orifice, a disease affecting an orifice (e.g., nostrils)

Past Passive Participle

From randhra (hole, orifice) + āgata (come, arrived). Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (randhra+āgata)

• randhra – hole, aperture, orifice, defect, weak point
  noun (neuter)
  From root randh (to injure, to pierce) + -ra suffix.
  Root: randh (class 1)
• āgata – come, arrived, obtained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From ā (towards) + root gam (to go) + -ta (PPP suffix).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Grammatically a neuter nominative singular PPP used as a noun.

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover, and

(indeclinable)

Particle used to introduce a new topic or clause.

अश्वानाम् (aśvānām) - of horses

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse, mare (feminine aśvā)

From root aś (to reach, to obtain, to eat) or aśu (swift).

Root: aś (class 5)

शिखोद्भेदः (śikhodbhedaḥ) - disorder of the crest (śikhodbheda) (eruption of crests, growth of crests, a disease of the crest)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śikhodbheda

śikhodbheda - eruption of crest, growth of crest, a disease of the crest

From śikhā (crest, tuft) + udbheda (bursting forth, breaking out, sprouting). Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (śikhā+udbheda)

• śikhā – crest, topknot, flame, point, peak
  noun (feminine)
  From root śikṣ (to learn) or śi (to sharpen).
• udbheda – bursting forth, sprouting, breaking out, eruption
  noun (masculine)
  From ud (up, forth) + root bhid (to break, to split) + -a (nominal suffix).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: bhid (class 7)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction particle.

बर्हिणाम् (barhiṇām) - of peacocks

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of barhin

barhin - peacock, one having feathers or a crest

From barha (feather, tail of a peacock) + -in (possessive suffix).

नेत्ररोगः (netrarogaḥ) - eye disease (netraroga) (eye disease, eye affliction)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of netraroga

netraroga - eye disease, ophthalmia

From netra (eye) + roga (disease). Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (netra+roga)

• netra – eye, leader, guide
  noun (neuter)
  From root nī (to lead) + -tra (instrumental suffix).
  Root: nī (class 1)
• roga – disease, sickness, illness, ailment
  noun (masculine)
  From root ruj (to break, to pain) + -a (nominal suffix).
  Root: ruj (class 6)

कोकिलानाम् (kokilānām) - of cuckoos

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kokila

kokila - cuckoo, Indian cuckoo

Onomatopoeic.

ज्वरः (jvaraḥ) - fever (jvara), as a general category for ailments (fever, disease, ailment)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jvara

jvara - fever, disease, ailment, passion, heat

From root jvar (to be hot, to be ill).

Root: jvar (class 1)

प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - declared, said, proclaimed, taught

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prokta

prokta - declared, said, proclaimed, taught, mentioned

Past Passive Participle

From pra (forth) + root vac (to speak, to say) + -ta (PPP suffix). (vac changes to ukta in PPP).

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Describes 'jvara'.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great soul (mahātman) or sage (by the great soul, by the great being, by the noble one)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, great being, noble, high-minded, sagacious

From mahā (great) + ātman (self, soul). Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty, extensive
  adjective
  From root mah (to grow, to be great). Stem form of mahat.
  Root: mah
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, living principle
  noun (masculine)
  From root an (to breathe) + -man suffix, with reduplication.
  Root: an (class 2)