महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-171, verse-49

कामान्व्युदस्य धुनुते यत्किंचित्पुरुषो रजः ।
कामक्रोधोद्भवं दुःखमह्रीररतिरेव च ॥४९॥

49. kāmānvyudasya dhunute yatkiṁcitpuruṣo rajaḥ ,
kāmakrodhodbhavaṁ duḥkhamahrīraratireva ca.

49. kāmān vyudasya dhunute yat kiṃcit puruṣaḥ rajaḥ
kāma-krodha-udbhavam duḥkham ahrīḥ aratiḥ eva ca

49. puruṣaḥ kāmān vyudasya,
yat kiṃcit rajaḥ dhunute.
kāma-krodha-udbhavam duḥkham ahrīḥ aratiḥ eva ca (dhunute)

49. Having cast off desires, a person (puruṣa) shakes off whatever impurity (rajas) there is, along with the suffering, shamelessness, and discontentment that arise from desire (kāma) and anger.

Words meanings summery:

• कामान् (kāmān) - desires

• व्युदस्य (vyudasya) - having cast off, having thrown away, having dismissed

• धुनुते (dhunute) - one shakes off, one discards, one cleanses oneself

• यत् (yat) - whatever, which, that

• किंचित् (kiṁcit) - whatever, something, anything

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person, human being, the cosmic person (puruṣa)

• रजः (rajaḥ) - dust, impurity, menstruation, passion (rajas)

• काम-क्रोध-उद्भवम् (kāma-krodha-udbhavam) - arising from desire and anger

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

• अह्रीः (ahrīḥ) - shamelessness, impudence

• अरतिः (aratiḥ) - dissatisfaction, discontentment, aversion, lack of pleasure

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

कामान् (kāmān) - desires

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kāma

kāma - desire, lust, love, longing

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vyudasya'.

व्युदस्य (vyudasya) - having cast off, having thrown away, having dismissed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Formed from vi- + ud- + √as + -ya

Prefixes: vi+ud

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Functions adverbially.

धुनुते (dhunute) - one shakes off, one discards, one cleanses oneself

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √dhu

Present Indicative

Third person singular, present tense, middle voice.

Root: dhu (class 5)

यत् (yat) - whatever, which, that

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whatever, that

Used here in a correlative pair (yat... tat...)

Note: Used with kiṃcit for emphasis 'whatever little'.

किंचित् (kiṁcit) - whatever, something, anything

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'kim' (what) + 'cit' (particle).

Note: Used with 'yat' to mean 'whatever little'.

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person, human being, the cosmic person (puruṣa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, human being, male, the cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: Subject of 'dhunute'.

रजः (rajaḥ) - dust, impurity, menstruation, passion (rajas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, impurity, mist, cloud, the quality of passion/activity (rajas)

Root: raj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'dhunute'.

काम-क्रोध-उद्भवम् (kāma-krodha-udbhavam) - arising from desire and anger

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāma-krodha-udbhava

kāma-krodha-udbhava - originated from desire and anger, born of desire and anger

Compound noun used adjectivally. From 'udbhava' (arising) preceded by 'kāma-krodha'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāma+krodha+udbhava)

• kāma – desire, lust
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  From √krudh
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• udbhava – origin, birth, production, arising
  noun (masculine)
  From ud- + √bhū (to be, to arise)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to the origin of the subsequent negative states.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow, discomfort

From dus (bad) + kha (hole/wheel hub); meaning 'bad axle-hole' as a metaphor for an uncomfortable ride/existence.

Note: Object of 'dhunute' (implied).

अह्रीः (ahrīḥ) - shamelessness, impudence

(noun)

feminine, singular of ahrī

ahrī - shamelessness, impudence, immodesty

From a- (negation) + hrī (shame).

Compound type : nan-tatpuruṣa (a+hrī)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• hrī – shame, modesty, bashfulness
  noun (feminine)
  From √hrī
  Root: hrī (class 3)

Note: Treated as an object to be shaken off, similar to 'duḥkham'.

अरतिः (aratiḥ) - dissatisfaction, discontentment, aversion, lack of pleasure

(noun)

feminine, singular of arati

arati - dissatisfaction, discontentment, aversion, restlessness, disinclination

From a- (negation) + rati (pleasure, delight).

Compound type : nan-tatpuruṣa (a+rati)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• rati – pleasure, delight, enjoyment, love
  noun (feminine)
  From √ram (to rejoice)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Treated as an object to be shaken off, similar to 'duḥkham'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)