महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-171, verse-21

अहो नु मम बालिश्यं योऽहं क्रीडनकस्तव ।
किं नैव जातु पुरुषः परेषां प्रेष्यतामियात् ॥२१॥

21. aho nu mama bāliśyaṁ yo'haṁ krīḍanakastava ,
kiṁ naiva jātu puruṣaḥ pareṣāṁ preṣyatāmiyāt.

21. aho nu mama bāliśyam yaḥ aham krīḍanakaḥ tava
kim na eva jātu puruṣaḥ pareṣām preṣyatām iyāt

21. aho nu mama bāliśyam yaḥ aham tava krīḍanakaḥ
kim puruṣaḥ jātu pareṣām preṣyatām na eva iyāt

21. Oh, what foolishness on my part, that I am your plaything! Should a man (puruṣa) ever become a servant to others?

Words meanings summery:

• अहो (aho) - O!, Oh!, alas! (exclamation)

• नु (nu) - indeed, certainly, then, now (particle)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• बालिश्यम् (bāliśyam) - foolishness, childishness

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, that (relative pronoun)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• क्रीडनकः (krīḍanakaḥ) - plaything, toy

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• किम् (kim) - what?, why?, is it? (interrogative particle)

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly (emphatic particle)

• जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man, human being, person (puruṣa)

• परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others, to others

• प्रेष्यताम् (preṣyatām) - the state of being a servant, subservience

• इयात् (iyāt) - may he go, should he attain, may he reach

Words meanings and morphology

अहो (aho) - O!, Oh!, alas! (exclamation)

(indeclinable)

Exclamatory particle

नु (nu) - indeed, certainly, then, now (particle)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative or emphatic particle

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Possessive for 'bāliśyam'.

बालिश्यम् (bāliśyam) - foolishness, childishness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bāliśya

bāliśya - foolishness, childishness, ignorance

Abstract noun derived from bāla (child) + suffix -śya

Note: Subject of the exclamation.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, that (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to the speaker ('aham').

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

क्रीडनकः (krīḍanakaḥ) - plaything, toy

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krīḍanaka

krīḍanaka - plaything, toy, puppet

Derived from root krīḍ (to play) with suffix -anaka

Root: krīḍ (class 1)

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you

Note: Possessive for 'krīḍanakaḥ'.

किम् (kim) - what?, why?, is it? (interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative particle

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time

(indeclinable)

Adverb

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - man, human being, person (puruṣa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, male, human being, person, cosmic person (puruṣa), spirit

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Subject of the question.

परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of others, to others

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of para

para - other, different, supreme

Declension of 'para', masculine/neuter plural genitive

प्रेष्यताम् (preṣyatām) - the state of being a servant, subservience

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of preṣyatā

preṣyatā - the state of being a servant, subservience, servitude

Abstract noun from preṣya (servant) + suffix -tā

इयात् (iyāt) - may he go, should he attain, may he reach

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of i

Root i (2nd class, Parasmaipada), optative mood, 3rd person singular

Root: i (class 2)