महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-71, verse-20

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
कचस्तु तं तथेत्युक्त्वा प्रतिजग्राह तद्व्रतम् ।
आदिष्टं कविपुत्रेण शुक्रेणोशनसा स्वयम् ॥२०॥

20. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
kacastu taṁ tathetyuktvā pratijagrāha tadvratam ,
ādiṣṭaṁ kaviputreṇa śukreṇośanasā svayam.

20. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca kacaḥ tu tam tathā iti uktvā pratijagrāha
tat vratam ādiṣṭam kaviputreṇa śukreṇa uśanasā svayam

20. Vaishampayana said: Kacha, having thus responded to him (Shukra) with 'so be it,' then accepted that vow which had been commanded by Shukra, the son of Kavi and Ushanas himself.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaishampayana (name of a sage, narrator of Mahabharata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• कचः (kacaḥ) - Kacha

• तु (tu) - indicates a slight transition or emphasis (but, however, on the other hand)

• तम् (tam) - referring to Shukra (him, that)

• तथा (tathā) - 'so be it' (thus, so, in that manner)

• इति (iti) - indicating direct speech (thus, so)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• प्रतिजग्राह (pratijagrāha) - he accepted, he received

• तत् (tat) - that specific vow mentioned (that)

• व्रतम् (vratam) - the vow of brahmacharya for 1000 years (vow, sacred observance, religious practice)

• आदिष्टम् (ādiṣṭam) - commanded, instructed, taught

• कविपुत्रेण (kaviputreṇa) - by Shukra (whose father was Kavi) (by the son of Kavi)

• शुक्रेण (śukreṇa) - by Shukra

• उशनसा (uśanasā) - by Shukra (another name for Shukra) (by Ushanas)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, personally

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaishampayana (name of a sage, narrator of Mahabharata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaishampayana (name of a sage and narrator)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd singular, from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कचः (kacaḥ) - Kacha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaca

kaca - Kacha (name of a mythological character)

तु (tu) - indicates a slight transition or emphasis (but, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - referring to Shukra (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Śukra.

तथा (tathā) - 'so be it' (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms part of direct speech "tathā iti".

इति (iti) - indicating direct speech (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Absolutive form.

प्रतिजग्राह (pratijagrāha) - he accepted, he received

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of gṛh

Perfect tense, 3rd singular, from root gṛh with upasarga prati

Prefix: prati

Root: gṛh (class 9)

Note: With upasarga 'prati'.

तत् (tat) - that specific vow mentioned (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Agrees with vratam.

व्रतम् (vratam) - the vow of brahmacharya for 1000 years (vow, sacred observance, religious practice)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow, sacred observance, religious practice

Root: vṛ (class 1)

आदिष्टम् (ādiṣṭam) - commanded, instructed, taught

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ādiṣṭa

ādiṣṭa - ordered, instructed, appointed

Past Passive Participle

from root diś with upasarga ā, suffix -ta

Prefix: ā

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with vratam.

कविपुत्रेण (kaviputreṇa) - by Shukra (whose father was Kavi) (by the son of Kavi)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kaviputra

kaviputra - son of Kavi

Compound type : tatpurusha (kavi+putra)

• kavi – poet, sage, wise man
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kū
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Śukra.

शुक्रेण (śukreṇa) - by Shukra

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śukra

śukra - Shukra (name of a sage)

उशनसा (uśanasā) - by Shukra (another name for Shukra) (by Ushanas)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of uśanas

uśanas - Ushanas (another name for Shukra)

Root: vas (class 2)

Note: Another name for Śukra.

स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, personally

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that Shukra himself instructed.