महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-71, verse-37

देवयान्युवाच ।
यस्याङ्गिरा वृद्धतमः पितामहो बृहस्पतिश्चापि पिता तपोधनः ।
ऋषेः पुत्रं तमथो वापि पौत्रं कथं न शोचेयमहं न रुद्याम् ॥३७॥

37. devayānyuvāca ,
yasyāṅgirā vṛddhatamaḥ pitāmaho; bṛhaspatiścāpi pitā tapodhanaḥ ,
ṛṣeḥ putraṁ tamatho vāpi pautraṁ; kathaṁ na śoceyamahaṁ na rudyām.

37. devayānī uvāca | yasyāḥ aṅgirāḥ vṛddhatamaḥ
pitāmahaḥ bṛhaspatiḥ ca api pitā
tapodhanaḥ | ṛṣeḥ putram tam atho vā api
pautram katham na śoceyam aham na rudyām

37. Devayani said: "How can I not grieve and weep for the son of that sage — or rather, his grandson — whose grandfather is Angiras, the most ancient, and whose father, Brihaspati, is rich in tapas?"

Words meanings summery:

• देवयानी (devayānī) - Devayani (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• यस्याः (yasyāḥ) - whose, of whom, of which

• अङ्गिराः (aṅgirāḥ) - Angiras (name of a sage)

• वृद्धतमः (vṛddhatamaḥ) - most ancient, oldest, most venerable

• पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - grandfather

• बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Brihaspati (name of a sage and preceptor of the gods)

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• पिता (pitā) - father

• तपोधनः (tapodhanaḥ) - rich in tapas, whose wealth is tapas

• ऋषेः (ṛṣeḥ) - of the sage

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• अथो (atho) - then, moreover, or

• वा (vā) - or

• अपि (api) - even, also

• पौत्रम् (pautram) - grandson

• कथम् (katham) - how? why?

• न (na) - not

• शोचेयम् (śoceyam) - should I grieve, may I lament

• अहम् (aham) - I

• न (na) - not

• रुद्याम् (rudyām) - should I weep, may I cry

Words meanings and morphology

देवयानी (devayānī) - Devayani (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of devayānī

devayānī - Devayani (daughter of Shukra)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect (lit)

Root vac, class 2, Parasmaipada, lit (perfect), 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

यस्याः (yasyāḥ) - whose, of whom, of which

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, who

अङ्गिराः (aṅgirāḥ) - Angiras (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṅgiras

aṅgiras - Angiras (a name of a Vedic sage, one of the Saptarishis)

वृद्धतमः (vṛddhatamaḥ) - most ancient, oldest, most venerable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddhatama

vṛddhatama - oldest, most ancient, most venerable

Superlative of vṛddha (old)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - grandfather

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather (father's father)

बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Brihaspati (name of a sage and preceptor of the gods)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - Brihaspati (preceptor of the gods, son of Angiras)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

तपोधनः (tapodhanaḥ) - rich in tapas, whose wealth is tapas

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapodhana

tapodhana - whose wealth is penance/austerity; rich in tapas

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – penance, austerity, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

ऋषेः (ṛṣeḥ) - of the sage

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

पुत्रम् (putram) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अथो (atho) - then, moreover, or

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

पौत्रम् (pautram) - grandson

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pautra

pautra - grandson (son's son)

कथम् (katham) - how? why?

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

शोचेयम् (śoceyam) - should I grieve, may I lament

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of śuc

Optative (liṅ)

Root śuc, class 1, Parasmaipada, liṅ (optative), 1st person singular

Root: śuc (class 1)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

रुद्याम् (rudyām) - should I weep, may I cry

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of rud

Optative (liṅ)

Root rud, class 2, Parasmaipada, liṅ (optative), 1st person singular

Root: rud (class 2)