महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-71, verse-37

देवयान्युवाच ।
यस्याङ्गिरा वृद्धतमः पितामहो बृहस्पतिश्चापि पिता तपोधनः ।
ऋषेः पुत्रं तमथो वापि पौत्रं कथं न शोचेयमहं न रुद्याम् ॥३७॥

37. devayānyuvāca ,
yasyāṅgirā vṛddhatamaḥ pitāmaho; bṛhaspatiścāpi pitā tapodhanaḥ ,
ṛṣeḥ putraṁ tamatho vāpi pautraṁ; kathaṁ na śoceyamahaṁ na rudyām.

37. devayānī uvāca | yasyāḥ aṅgirāḥ vṛddhatamaḥ
pitāmahaḥ bṛhaspatiḥ ca api pitā
tapodhanaḥ | ṛṣeḥ putram tam atho vā api
pautram katham na śoceyam aham na rudyām

37. Devayani said: "How can I not grieve and weep for the son of that sage — or rather, his grandson — whose grandfather is Angiras, the most ancient, and whose father, Brihaspati, is rich in tapas?"

37. דֵוַיָאנִי אמרה, סבו של קַצ׳ַה הוא אַנְגִירַס, הזקן והנכבד מכולם, ואביו הוא בְּרְהַסְפַּטִי בעל העוצמה הרוחנית. איך לא אתאבל ואיך לא אבכה על בנו של חוזה (בְּרְהַסְפַּטִי) ועל נכדו (של אַנְגִירַס)?

Words meanings summery:

• देवयानी (devayānī) - Devayani (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• यस्याः (yasyāḥ) - whose, of whom, of which

• अङ्गिराः (aṅgirāḥ) - Angiras (name of a sage)

• वृद्धतमः (vṛddhatamaḥ) - most ancient, oldest, most venerable

• पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - grandfather

• बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Brihaspati (name of a sage and preceptor of the gods)

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• पिता (pitā) - father

• तपोधनः (tapodhanaḥ) - rich in tapas, whose wealth is tapas

• ऋषेः (ṛṣeḥ) - of the sage

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• अथो (atho) - then, moreover, or

• वा (vā) - or

• अपि (api) - even, also

• पौत्रम् (pautram) - grandson

• कथम् (katham) - how? why?

• न (na) - not

• शोचेयम् (śoceyam) - should I grieve, may I lament

• अहम् (aham) - I

• न (na) - not

• रुद्याम् (rudyām) - should I weep, may I cry

Words meanings and morphology

देवयानी (devayānī) - Devayani (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of devayānī

devayānī - Devayani (daughter of Shukra)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect (lit)

Root vac, class 2, Parasmaipada, lit (perfect), 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

यस्याः (yasyāḥ) - whose, of whom, of which

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, who

अङ्गिराः (aṅgirāḥ) - Angiras (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṅgiras

aṅgiras - Angiras (a name of a Vedic sage, one of the Saptarishis)

वृद्धतमः (vṛddhatamaḥ) - most ancient, oldest, most venerable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddhatama

vṛddhatama - oldest, most ancient, most venerable

Superlative of vṛddha (old)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - grandfather

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather (father's father)

बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Brihaspati (name of a sage and preceptor of the gods)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - Brihaspati (preceptor of the gods, son of Angiras)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

तपोधनः (tapodhanaḥ) - rich in tapas, whose wealth is tapas

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapodhana

tapodhana - whose wealth is penance/austerity; rich in tapas

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – penance, austerity, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

ऋषेः (ṛṣeḥ) - of the sage

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

पुत्रम् (putram) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अथो (atho) - then, moreover, or

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

पौत्रम् (pautram) - grandson

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pautra

pautra - grandson (son's son)

कथम् (katham) - how? why?

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

शोचेयम् (śoceyam) - should I grieve, may I lament

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of śuc

Optative (liṅ)

Root śuc, class 1, Parasmaipada, liṅ (optative), 1st person singular

Root: śuc (class 1)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

रुद्याम् (rudyām) - should I weep, may I cry

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of rud

Optative (liṅ)

Root rud, class 2, Parasmaipada, liṅ (optative), 1st person singular

Root: rud (class 2)

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