महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-71, verse-58

गुरोरुष्य सकाशे तु दश वर्षशतानि सः ।
अनुज्ञातः कचो गन्तुमियेष त्रिदशालयम् ॥५८॥

58. guroruṣya sakāśe tu daśa varṣaśatāni saḥ ,
anujñātaḥ kaco gantumiyeṣa tridaśālayam.

58. guroḥ uṣya sakāśe tu daśa varṣaśatāni saḥ
anujñātaḥ kacaḥ gantum iyeṣa tridaśālayam

58. Indeed, after Kacha had resided in his guru's presence for a thousand years, he, having been granted permission, desired to go to the abode of the gods.

Words meanings summery:

• गुरोः (guroḥ) - in the presence of the guru (Shukra), referring to the relationship of Kacha to Shukra (from the guru, of the guru, by the guru)

• उष्य (uṣya) - having resided (as a student) (having resided, having stayed)

• सकाशे (sakāśe) - in the presence (of the guru) (in the presence, near, in the vicinity)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the duration) (but, indeed, however, moreover)

• दश (daśa) - ten (hundreds of years) (ten)

• वर्षशतानि (varṣaśatāni) - one thousand years (hundreds of years, a thousand years)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Kacha) (he, that)

• अनुज्ञातः (anujñātaḥ) - having been given permission (by the guru) (permitted, allowed, given leave)

• कचः (kacaḥ) - Kacha, son of Brihaspati (Kacha (proper name))

• गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go (back to the gods) (to go, in order to go)

• इयेष (iyeṣa) - he (Kacha) desired (to go) (he desired, he wished)

• त्रिदशालयम् (tridaśālayam) - to the abode of the gods (heaven) (abode of the gods)

Words meanings and morphology

गुरोः (guroḥ) - in the presence of the guru (Shukra), referring to the relationship of Kacha to Shukra (from the guru, of the guru, by the guru)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide, heavy, venerable

Note: Refers to Shukracharya.

उष्य (uṣya) - having resided (as a student) (having resided, having stayed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Irregular absolutive form of √vas (class 1).

Root: √vas (class 1)

सकाशे (sakāśe) - in the presence (of the guru) (in the presence, near, in the vicinity)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sakāśa

sakāśa - presence, vicinity, proximity, near

Note: Governed by 'guroḥ'.

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the duration) (but, indeed, however, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

दश (daśa) - ten (hundreds of years) (ten)

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'varṣaśatāni'.

वर्षशतानि (varṣaśatāni) - one thousand years (hundreds of years, a thousand years)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣaśata

varṣaśata - a hundred years, a century

Tatpurusha compound: varṣa (year) + śata (hundred).

Compound type : tatpurusha (varṣa+śata)

• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)

Note: Denotes duration.

सः (saḥ) - he (Kacha) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अनुज्ञातः (anujñātaḥ) - having been given permission (by the guru) (permitted, allowed, given leave)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anujñāta

anujñāta - permitted, allowed, granted, known, ascertained

Past Passive Participle

From root √jñā (to know) with prefix anu-.

Prefix: anu

Root: √jñā (class 9)

Note: Serves as a predicate adjective, describing Kacha's state.

कचः (kacaḥ) - Kacha, son of Brihaspati (Kacha (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaca

kaca - Kacha (proper name), hair, a tuft of hair

Note: Reiteration of the subject, Kacha.

गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go (back to the gods) (to go, in order to go)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root √gam (class 1).

Root: √gam (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose or desire.

इयेष (iyeṣa) - he (Kacha) desired (to go) (he desired, he wished)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √iṣ

Perfect Tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

From root √iṣ (class 6).

Root: √iṣ (class 6)

त्रिदशालयम् (tridaśālayam) - to the abode of the gods (heaven) (abode of the gods)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tridaśālaya

tridaśālaya - abode of the gods, heaven

Tatpurusha compound: tridaśa (god) + ālaya (abode).

Compound type : tatpurusha (tridaśa+ālaya)

• tridaśa – god (literally 'three tens', i.e., thirty, referring to the number of principal Vedic deities)
  noun (masculine)
• ālaya – abode, dwelling, house
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: √lī (class 4)

Note: Object of 'gantum'.