महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-71, verse-21

व्रतस्य व्रतकालं स यथोक्तं प्रत्यगृह्णत ।
आराधयन्नुपाध्यायं देवयानीं च भारत ॥२१॥

21. vratasya vratakālaṁ sa yathoktaṁ pratyagṛhṇata ,
ārādhayannupādhyāyaṁ devayānīṁ ca bhārata.

21. vratasya vratakālam saḥ yathā uktam pratyagṛhṇata
ārādhayan upādhyāyam devayānīm ca bhārata

21. O Bharata, he (Kacha) accepted the prescribed duration of the vow, serving both his preceptor and Devayani.

21. הו בְּהָארַטַה, הוא שמר על זמן הנדר כפי שנקבע, ושירת את מורו ואת דֵוַיָאנִי.

Words meanings summery:

• व्रतस्य (vratasya) - of the vow

• व्रतकालम् (vratakālam) - the agreed-upon duration of his brahmacharya vow (the time/period of the vow)

• सः (saḥ) - Kacha (he)

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• उक्तम् (uktam) - as previously stated (by Shukra) (said, spoken, instructed)

• प्रत्यगृह्णत (pratyagṛhṇata) - he accepted, he received

• आराधयन् (ārādhayan) - rendering service to (serving, worshipping, pleasing)

• उपाध्यायम् (upādhyāyam) - Shukra, his teacher (preceptor, teacher)

• देवयानीम् (devayānīm) - daughter of Shukra (Devayani (proper noun))

• च (ca) - and

• भारत (bhārata) - The narrator Vaishampayana addresses King Janamejaya (a descendant of Bharata). (O Bharata (descendant of Bharata))

Words meanings and morphology

व्रतस्य (vratasya) - of the vow

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow, sacred observance, religious practice

Root: vṛ (class 1)

व्रतकालम् (vratakālam) - the agreed-upon duration of his brahmacharya vow (the time/period of the vow)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vratakāla

vratakāla - time for a vow, duration of a vow

Compound type : tatpurusha (vrata+kāla)

• vrata – vow, sacred observance
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ (class 1)
• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kal (class 10)

Note: Although 'kāla' is masculine, the compound 'vratakāla' can be masculine or neuter. Here accusative singular masculine/neuter.

सः (saḥ) - Kacha (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Kaca.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms an adverbial phrase with 'uktam'.

उक्तम् (uktam) - as previously stated (by Shukra) (said, spoken, instructed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, told

Past Passive Participle

from root vac with suffix -ta

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Part of the compound 'yathoktam'. Adverbial use.

प्रत्यगृह्णत (pratyagṛhṇata) - he accepted, he received

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of gṛh

Imperfect tense, 3rd singular, Atmanepada (middle voice) from root gṛh with upasarga prati

Prefix: prati

Root: gṛh (class 9)

Note: With upasarga 'prati'.

आराधयन् (ārādhayan) - rendering service to (serving, worshipping, pleasing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rādh

rādh - to propitiate, to worship, to serve, to accomplish

Prefix: ā

Root: rādh (class 5)

Note: Functions adverbially, "while serving".

उपाध्यायम् (upādhyāyam) - Shukra, his teacher (preceptor, teacher)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor

Prefixes: upa+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to Śukra.

देवयानीम् (devayānīm) - daughter of Shukra (Devayani (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of devayānī

devayānī - Devayani (name of Shukra's daughter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

भारत (bhārata) - The narrator Vaishampayana addresses King Janamejaya (a descendant of Bharata). (O Bharata (descendant of Bharata))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, name of a country (India)

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: A common address in the Mahabharata, referring to King Janamejaya.

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