महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-71, verse-39

शुक्र उवाच ।
असंशयं मामसुरा द्विषन्ति ये मे शिष्यं नागसं सूदयन्ति ।
अब्राह्मणं कर्तुमिच्छन्ति रौद्रास्ते मां यथा प्रस्तुतं दानवैर्हि ।
अप्यस्य पापस्य भवेदिहान्तः कं ब्रह्महत्या न दहेदपीन्द्रम् ॥३९॥

39. śukra uvāca ,
asaṁśayaṁ māmasurā dviṣanti; ye me śiṣyaṁ nāgasaṁ sūdayanti ,
abrāhmaṇaṁ kartumicchanti raudrā;ste māṁ yathā prastutaṁ dānavairhi ,
apyasya pāpasya bhavedihāntaḥ; kaṁ brahmahatyā na dahedapīndram.

39. śukraḥ uvāca | asaṃśayam mām asurāḥ dviṣanti ye me śiṣyam
anāgasam sūdayanti | abrāhmaṇam kartum icchanti raudrāḥ
te mām yathā prastutam dānavaiḥ hi | api asya pāpasya
bhavet iha antaḥ kam brahmahatyā na dahet api indram

39. Shukra said: "Undoubtedly, the Asuras hate me; those fierce ones who kill my innocent student wish to make me a 'non-brahmin', just as they were presented by the Danavas. Will there ever be an end to this sin here? Whom would a brahmahatya not consume, not even Indra?"

39. שׁוּקְרַה אמר, בלי ספק האַסוּרַה שונאים אותי, הם שהורגים את תלמידי החף מפשע. האכזרים האלה רוצים להפוך אותי לאחד שאינו בְּרַהְמִין, וכך אכן יזמו הדָאנַוַה. האם יהיה כאן קץ לחטא הזה? את מי לא תשרוף רצון רצח בְּרַהְמִין, אפילו את אִינְדְרַה?

Words meanings summery:

• शुक्रः (śukraḥ) - Shukra (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• असंशयम् (asaṁśayam) - without doubt, undoubtedly

• माम् (mām) - me

• असुराः (asurāḥ) - Asuras (demons)

• द्विषन्ति (dviṣanti) - they hate, they are hostile to

• ये (ye) - who, which (plural)

• मे (me) - my, to me, for me

• शिष्यम् (śiṣyam) - student, disciple

• अनागसम् (anāgasam) - innocent, faultless

• सूदयन्ति (sūdayanti) - they kill, they destroy

• अब्राह्मणम् (abrāhmaṇam) - non-brahmin, one who is not a brahmin

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to make

• इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they wish, they desire

• रौद्राः (raudrāḥ) - fierce, terrible, wrathful

• ते (te) - those, they

• माम् (mām) - me

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• प्रस्तुतम् (prastutam) - presented [with a challenge] or treated (presented, offered, begun)

• दानवैः (dānavaiḥ) - by the Danavas

• हि (hi) - indeed, for

• अपि (api) - also, even, whether

• अस्य (asya) - of this, of him

• पापस्य (pāpasya) - of sin, of evil

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may there be, should be

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• अन्तः (antaḥ) - end, limit

• कम् (kam) - whom, what

• ब्रह्महत्या (brahmahatyā) - brahmahatya (the sin of killing a brahmin)

• न (na) - not

• दहेत् (dahet) - would it burn, would it consume

• अपि (api) - even, also

• इन्द्रम् (indram) - Indra

Words meanings and morphology

शुक्रः (śukraḥ) - Shukra (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śukra

śukra - Shukra (preceptor of the Asuras), seed, bright, clear

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect (lit)

Root vac, class 2, Parasmaipada, lit (perfect), 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

असंशयम् (asaṁśayam) - without doubt, undoubtedly

(indeclinable)

Compound (Na-tatpurusha) of 'a' (not) and 'saṃśaya' (doubt)

Note: Used as an adverb here.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

असुराः (asurāḥ) - Asuras (demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of asura

asura - demon, anti-god, a class of divine beings, opponent of the Devas

द्विषन्ति (dviṣanti) - they hate, they are hostile to

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of dviṣ

Present (laṭ)

Root dviṣ, class 2, Parasmaipada, laṭ (present), 3rd person plural

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

ये (ye) - who, which (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which

मे (me) - my, to me, for me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Used as genitive or dative in enclitic form

शिष्यम् (śiṣyam) - student, disciple

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śiṣya

śiṣya - student, pupil, disciple

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root śās (to teach), with suffix -ya. Means 'one who is to be taught'.

Root: śās (class 2)

अनागसम् (anāgasam) - innocent, faultless

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anāgas

anāgas - faultless, innocent, sinless

Compound (Na-tatpurusha) of 'an' (not) and 'āgas' (fault)

Compound type : na-tatpuruṣa (an+āgas)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• āgas – fault, offence, crime, sin
  noun (neuter)

सूदयन्ति (sūdayanti) - they kill, they destroy

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of sūd

Present (laṭ)

Root sūd, class 10 (or caus. of sad), Parasmaipada, laṭ (present), 3rd person plural

Root: sūd (class 10)

अब्राह्मणम् (abrāhmaṇam) - non-brahmin, one who is not a brahmin

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abrāhmaṇa

abrāhmaṇa - not a brahmin, an outcast, a non-brahmin

Compound (Na-tatpurusha) of 'a' (not) and 'brāhmaṇa' (brahmin)

Compound type : na-tatpuruṣa (a+brāhmaṇa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• brāhmaṇa – a brahmin, belonging to Brahmins
  noun (masculine)

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to make

(indeclinable)

Infinitive (tumun)

Root kṛ, class 8, Parasmaipada, tumun (infinitive)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Infinitive form, hence indeclinable

इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they wish, they desire

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present (laṭ)

Root iṣ, class 6, Parasmaipada, laṭ (present), 3rd person plural

Root: iṣ (class 6)

रौद्राः (raudrāḥ) - fierce, terrible, wrathful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of raudra

raudra - fierce, terrible, wrathful, formidable

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

प्रस्तुतम् (prastutam) - presented [with a challenge] or treated (presented, offered, begun)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prastuta

prastuta - presented, offered, commenced, praised, treated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root stu (to praise) with upasarga pra- or from root sthū with pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: stu (class 2)

Note: Could also be masculine singular accusative, referring to 'me'.

दानवैः (dānavaiḥ) - by the Danavas

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dānava

dānava - a Danava (a class of Asuras, descendants of Danu)

हि (hi) - indeed, for

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, whether

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of this, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

पापस्य (pāpasya) - of sin, of evil

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, sin, wicked, bad; sin, vice

भवेत् (bhavet) - may there be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū

Optative (liṅ)

Root bhū, class 1, Parasmaipada, liṅ (optative), 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

अन्तः (antaḥ) - end, limit

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anta

anta - end, boundary, limit, vicinity

कम् (kam) - whom, what

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ka

ka - who, what, which

ब्रह्महत्या (brahmahatyā) - brahmahatya (the sin of killing a brahmin)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of brahmahatyā

brahmahatyā - the killing of a brahmin, brahmahatya (a great sin)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+hatyā)

• brahman – Brahmin, sacred knowledge, the Absolute
  noun (masculine)
• hatyā – killing, murder, slaughter
  noun (feminine)
  Root: han (class 2)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

दहेत् (dahet) - would it burn, would it consume

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of dah

Optative (liṅ)

Root dah, class 1, Parasmaipada, liṅ (optative), 3rd person singular

Root: dah (class 1)

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

इन्द्रम् (indram) - Indra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (king of the gods)

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