महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-71, verse-25

पञ्च वर्षशतान्येवं कचस्य चरतो व्रतम् ।
तत्रातीयुरथो बुद्ध्वा दानवास्तं ततः कचम् ॥२५॥

25. pañca varṣaśatānyevaṁ kacasya carato vratam ,
tatrātīyuratho buddhvā dānavāstaṁ tataḥ kacam.

25. pañca varṣaśatāni evam kacasya carataḥ vratam
tatra atīyuḥ atha udbuddhvā dānavāḥ tam tataḥ kacam

25. Thus, five hundred years passed while Kacha observed his vow. Then, having become aware, the Danavas targeted that Kacha.

Words meanings summery:

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• वर्षशतानि (varṣaśatāni) - hundreds of years

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• कचस्य (kacasya) - of Kacha

• चरतः (carataḥ) - observing, practicing, moving

• व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, religious observance

• तत्र (tatra) - in that situation or at that point in time (there, then)

• अतीयुः (atīyuḥ) - (the years) passed (they passed, elapsed)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• उद्बुद्ध्वा (udbuddhvā) - having become aware (of Kacha's long stay and purpose) (having realized, having become aware, having woken up)

• दानवाः (dānavāḥ) - The enemies of the Devas, followers of Shukracharya's rival. (the Danavas (demons))

• तम् (tam) - Kacha. (him, that (masculine singular))

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from that, therefore

• कचम् (kacam) - Kacha

Words meanings and morphology

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'varṣaśatāni'.

वर्षशतानि (varṣaśatāni) - hundreds of years

(noun)

neuter, plural of varṣaśata

varṣaśata - hundred years, a century

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṣa+śata)

• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'atīyuḥ' (as duration).

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying the passing of time.

कचस्य (kacasya) - of Kacha

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kaca

kaca - Kacha (Proper Name)

Note: Possessive genitive, or genitive of agent with participle 'carataḥ'.

चरतः (carataḥ) - observing, practicing, moving

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of carat

carat - moving, practicing, observing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root car (to move, practice) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kacasya'.

व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, religious observance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow, religious observance, sacred act

Note: Object of 'carataḥ'.

तत्र (tatra) - in that situation or at that point in time (there, then)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place/time.

अतीयुः (atīyuḥ) - (the years) passed (they passed, elapsed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ati-i

Imperfect (Laṅ) third person plural

Derived from root i (to go) with upasarga ati-.

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'varṣaśatāni'.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle indicating sequence.

उद्बुद्ध्वा (udbuddhvā) - having become aware (of Kacha's long stay and purpose) (having realized, having become aware, having woken up)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root budh (to know, perceive) with upasarga ud- and suffix -tvā.

Prefix: ud

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Modifies the action of the Danavas.

दानवाः (dānavāḥ) - The enemies of the Devas, followers of Shukracharya's rival. (the Danavas (demons))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dānava

dānava - descendant of Danu, demon, titan

Note: Subject of implied action.

तम् (tam) - Kacha. (him, that (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to Kacha.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from that, therefore

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time/sequence.

कचम् (kacam) - Kacha

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kaca

kaca - Kacha (Proper Name)

Note: Appositive to 'tam'.