महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-71, verse-21

व्रतस्य व्रतकालं स यथोक्तं प्रत्यगृह्णत ।
आराधयन्नुपाध्यायं देवयानीं च भारत ॥२१॥

21. vratasya vratakālaṁ sa yathoktaṁ pratyagṛhṇata ,
ārādhayannupādhyāyaṁ devayānīṁ ca bhārata.

21. vratasya vratakālam saḥ yathā uktam pratyagṛhṇata
ārādhayan upādhyāyam devayānīm ca bhārata

21. O Bharata, he (Kacha) accepted the prescribed duration of the vow, serving both his preceptor and Devayani.

Words meanings summery:

• व्रतस्य (vratasya) - of the vow

• व्रतकालम् (vratakālam) - the agreed-upon duration of his brahmacharya vow (the time/period of the vow)

• सः (saḥ) - Kacha (he)

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• उक्तम् (uktam) - as previously stated (by Shukra) (said, spoken, instructed)

• प्रत्यगृह्णत (pratyagṛhṇata) - he accepted, he received

• आराधयन् (ārādhayan) - rendering service to (serving, worshipping, pleasing)

• उपाध्यायम् (upādhyāyam) - Shukra, his teacher (preceptor, teacher)

• देवयानीम् (devayānīm) - daughter of Shukra (Devayani (proper noun))

• च (ca) - and

• भारत (bhārata) - The narrator Vaishampayana addresses King Janamejaya (a descendant of Bharata). (O Bharata (descendant of Bharata))

Words meanings and morphology

व्रतस्य (vratasya) - of the vow

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow, sacred observance, religious practice

Root: vṛ (class 1)

व्रतकालम् (vratakālam) - the agreed-upon duration of his brahmacharya vow (the time/period of the vow)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vratakāla

vratakāla - time for a vow, duration of a vow

Compound type : tatpurusha (vrata+kāla)

• vrata – vow, sacred observance
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ (class 1)
• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kal (class 10)

Note: Although 'kāla' is masculine, the compound 'vratakāla' can be masculine or neuter. Here accusative singular masculine/neuter.

सः (saḥ) - Kacha (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Kaca.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms an adverbial phrase with 'uktam'.

उक्तम् (uktam) - as previously stated (by Shukra) (said, spoken, instructed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, told

Past Passive Participle

from root vac with suffix -ta

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Part of the compound 'yathoktam'. Adverbial use.

प्रत्यगृह्णत (pratyagṛhṇata) - he accepted, he received

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of gṛh

Imperfect tense, 3rd singular, Atmanepada (middle voice) from root gṛh with upasarga prati

Prefix: prati

Root: gṛh (class 9)

Note: With upasarga 'prati'.

आराधयन् (ārādhayan) - rendering service to (serving, worshipping, pleasing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rādh

rādh - to propitiate, to worship, to serve, to accomplish

Prefix: ā

Root: rādh (class 5)

Note: Functions adverbially, "while serving".

उपाध्यायम् (upādhyāyam) - Shukra, his teacher (preceptor, teacher)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor

Prefixes: upa+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to Śukra.

देवयानीम् (devayānīm) - daughter of Shukra (Devayani (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of devayānī

devayānī - Devayani (name of Shukra's daughter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

भारत (bhārata) - The narrator Vaishampayana addresses King Janamejaya (a descendant of Bharata). (O Bharata (descendant of Bharata))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, name of a country (India)

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: A common address in the Mahabharata, referring to King Janamejaya.