महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-71, verse-10

ते तु देवा भयोद्विग्नाः काव्यादुशनसस्तदा ।
ऊचुः कचमुपागम्य ज्येष्ठं पुत्रं बृहस्पतेः ॥१०॥

10. te tu devā bhayodvignāḥ kāvyāduśanasastadā ,
ūcuḥ kacamupāgamya jyeṣṭhaṁ putraṁ bṛhaspateḥ.

10. te tu devāḥ bhayodvignāḥ kāvyāt uśanasas tadā
ūcuḥ kacam upāgamya jyeṣṭham putram bṛhaspateḥ

10. But those gods, agitated by fear of Kāvya (Uśanas) at that time, approached Kaca, the eldest son of Bṛhaspati, and said:

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those (gods) (they, those)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods (gods, deities)

• भयोद्विग्नाः (bhayodvignāḥ) - agitated by fear (agitated by fear, disturbed by fear)

• काव्यात् (kāvyāt) - from Kāvya (from Kāvya, by Kāvya)

• उशनसस् (uśanasas) - of Uśanas (another name for Kāvya/Śukra) (of Uśanas)

• तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said (they said, they spoke)

• कचम् (kacam) - Kaca (Kaca (name of a character))

• उपागम्य (upāgamya) - having approached (having approached, having come near)

• ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - eldest (eldest, chief, most excellent)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son

• बृहस्पतेः (bṛhaspateḥ) - of Bṛhaspati

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those (gods) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods (gods, deities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

भयोद्विग्नाः (bhayodvignāḥ) - agitated by fear (agitated by fear, disturbed by fear)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhayodvigna

bhayodvigna - agitated by fear, alarmed by fear

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+udvigna)

• bhaya – fear, dread, apprehension
  noun (neuter)
• udvigna – agitated, distressed, anxious, disturbed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from ud-√vij (to tremble, to be agitated)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'devāḥ'

काव्यात् (kāvyāt) - from Kāvya (from Kāvya, by Kāvya)

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāvya

kāvya - Kāvya (epithet of Śukra), poetic, poem

Note: Indicates the source of fear.

उशनसस् (uśanasas) - of Uśanas (another name for Kāvya/Śukra) (of Uśanas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of uśanas

uśanas - Uśanas (name of the preceptor of the Asuras, also known as Śukra or Kāvya)

Note: Further specifies 'Kāvya'.

तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said (they said, they spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कचम् (kacam) - Kaca (Kaca (name of a character))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kaca

kaca - Kaca (a proper name, son of Bṛhaspati); hair; cloud

उपागम्य (upāgamya) - having approached (having approached, having come near)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from upa-ā-√gam (to approach, go near)

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - eldest (eldest, chief, most excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, oldest, chief, principal

Note: Qualifies 'putram'

पुत्रम् (putram) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

बृहस्पतेः (bṛhaspateḥ) - of Bṛhaspati

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - Bṛhaspati (the preceptor of the gods)