महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-71, verse-16

स गत्वा त्वरितो राजन्देवैः संप्रेषितः कचः ।
असुरेन्द्रपुरे शुक्रं दृष्ट्वा वाक्यमुवाच ह ॥१६॥

16. sa gatvā tvarito rājandevaiḥ saṁpreṣitaḥ kacaḥ ,
asurendrapure śukraṁ dṛṣṭvā vākyamuvāca ha.

16. saḥ gatvā tvaritaḥ rājan devaiḥ sampreṣitaḥ kacaḥ
| asurendrapure śukram dṛṣṭvā vākyam uvāca ha

16. O King, Kacha, who was sent by the Devas, quickly went to the city of the Asura king and, upon seeing Śukra, spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - (Kacha) (he, that)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - quickly (quick, hastened, swiftly)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the Devas, by the gods

• सम्प्रेषितः (sampreṣitaḥ) - sent, dispatched

• कचः (kacaḥ) - Kacha (proper noun)

• असुरेन्द्रपुरे (asurendrapure) - in the city of Vṛṣaparvan, the Asura king (in the city of the lord of Asuras)

• शुक्रम् (śukram) - Śukra (the preceptor) (Śukra (proper noun), bright, pure)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - these words (word, speech, sentence)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (particle)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - (Kacha) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of √gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - quickly (quick, hastened, swiftly)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - quick, speedy, hastened, urgent

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √tvar (to hasten)

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Kacha.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the Devas, by the gods

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of deva

deva - a god, a deity

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'sampreṣitaḥ'.

सम्प्रेषितः (sampreṣitaḥ) - sent, dispatched

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sampreṣita

sampreṣita - sent, dispatched, ordered

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √iṣ (to send) with upasargas sam and pra.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: iṣ (class 4)

कचः (kacaḥ) - Kacha (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaca

kaca - Kacha (name of a sage, son of Bṛhaspati)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

असुरेन्द्रपुरे (asurendrapure) - in the city of Vṛṣaparvan, the Asura king (in the city of the lord of Asuras)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of asurendrapura

asurendrapura - city of the chief of Asuras

Compound type : tatpurusha (asura+indra+pura)

• asura – demon, anti-god
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, king (also the god Indra)
  noun (masculine)
• pura – city, town, fortress
  noun (neuter)

शुक्रम् (śukram) - Śukra (the preceptor) (Śukra (proper noun), bright, pure)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śukra

śukra - bright, clear, white; the planet Venus; name of the preceptor of the Asuras

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of √dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - these words (word, speech, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

Root: vac

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

Perfect active voice, 3rd person singular, of √vac (to speak). Irregular form.

Root: vac (class 2)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often untranslated in smooth English prose.