योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-14, verse-38

न तिर्यक्समधर्माण उपदेश्या नरा भुवि ।
कथार्थकथनेनार्थः कः स्थाणुनिकटे वने ॥ ३८ ॥

na tiryaksamadharmāṇa upadeśyā narā bhuvi ,
kathārthakathanenārthaḥ kaḥ sthāṇunikaṭe vane 38

38. na tiryak-samadharmāṇaḥ upadeśyāḥ narāḥ bhuvi
kathā-artha-kathaneṇa arthaḥ kaḥ sthāṇu-nikaṭe vane

38. bhuvi tiryak-samadharmāṇaḥ narāḥ na upadeśyāḥ vane
sthāṇu-nikaṭe kathā-artha-kathaneṇa kaḥ arthaḥ

38. People on this earth whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is similar to that of animals should not be given instruction. What purpose is served by narrating a story near a tree stump in a forest?

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• तिर्यक्-समधर्माणः (tiryak-samadharmāṇaḥ) - whose nature is like that of animals

• उपदेश्याः (upadeśyāḥ) - to be instructed, fit for instruction

• नराः (narāḥ) - men, people

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the earth, in the world

• कथा-अर्थ-कथनेण (kathā-artha-kathaneṇa) - by narrating a story

• अर्थः (arthaḥ) - purpose, meaning, object

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• स्थाणु-निकटे (sthāṇu-nikaṭe) - near a tree-stump

• वने (vane) - in the forest

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तिर्यक्-समधर्माणः (tiryak-samadharmāṇaḥ) - whose nature is like that of animals

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tiryak-samadharman

tiryak-samadharman - having the nature of an animal, whose intrinsic nature is like animals

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tiryak+sama+dharman)

• tiryak – animal, horizontal, transversal
  noun (feminine)
• sama – equal, similar, same
  adjective
• dharman – intrinsic nature, property, quality, characteristic
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 3)

उपदेश्याः (upadeśyāḥ) - to be instructed, fit for instruction

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upadeśya

upadeśya - to be taught, to be instructed, advisable

Gerundive

derived from verb root diś (to point, show) with upasarga upa

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: This is an adjective modifying 'narāḥ' and functions predicatively.

नराः (narāḥ) - men, people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, human being

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the earth, in the world

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, land, ground

कथा-अर्थ-कथनेण (kathā-artha-kathaneṇa) - by narrating a story

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kathā-artha-kathana

kathā-artha-kathana - narration of a story

Compound type : tatpurusha (kathā+artha+kathana)

• kathā – story, tale, narrative
  noun (feminine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
• kathana – telling, narrating, speaking
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun
  derived from root kath (to tell, speak)
  Root: kath (class 10)

अर्थः (arthaḥ) - purpose, meaning, object

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, wealth

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Used here as an interrogative pronoun asking 'what purpose'.

स्थाणु-निकटे (sthāṇu-nikaṭe) - near a tree-stump

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sthāṇu-nikaṭa

sthāṇu-nikaṭa - vicinity of a tree-stump

Compound type : tatpurusha (sthāṇu+nikaṭa)

• sthāṇu – tree-stump, trunk, immoveable, Shiva
  noun (masculine)
• nikaṭa – vicinity, proximity, near
  noun (masculine)

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove