योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-14, verse-39

किं किल स्फारमनसां पशूनां च विशेषणम् ।
कृष्यन्ते पशवो रज्ज्वा मनसा मूढचेतसः ॥ ३९ ॥

kiṃ kila sphāramanasāṃ paśūnāṃ ca viśeṣaṇam ,
kṛṣyante paśavo rajjvā manasā mūḍhacetasaḥ 39

39. kim kila sphāra-manasām paśūnām ca viśeṣaṇam
kṛṣyante paśavaḥ rajjvā manasā mūḍha-cetasaḥ

39. kila sphāra-manasaḥ ca paśūnām kim viśeṣaṇam
paśavaḥ rajjvā kṛṣyante mūḍha-cetasaḥ manasā

39. What indeed is the distinction between intelligent people (those with expanded minds) and animals? Animals are pulled by a rope, while those of deluded consciousness are pulled by their own minds.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what, how

• किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, as it were

• स्फार-मनसाम् (sphāra-manasām) - of those with expanded minds, of intelligent people

• पशूनाम् (paśūnām) - of animals

• च (ca) - and

• विशेषणम् (viśeṣaṇam) - distinction, difference, special quality

• कृष्यन्ते (kṛṣyante) - are pulled, are dragged

• पशवः (paśavaḥ) - animals

• रज्ज्वा (rajjvā) - by a rope

• मनसा (manasā) - by the mind

• मूढ-चेतसः (mūḍha-cetasaḥ) - those of deluded consciousness, fools

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what, how

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Used here as an interrogative pronoun.

किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, as it were

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic particle.

स्फार-मनसाम् (sphāra-manasām) - of those with expanded minds, of intelligent people

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sphāra-manas

sphāra-manas - having an expanded mind, intelligent, wise

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sphāra+manas)

• sphāra – expanded, large, swollen, blooming
  adjective
• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Qualifies an implied group of people.

पशूनाम् (paśūnām) - of animals

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of paśu

paśu - animal, cattle, beast

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विशेषणम् (viśeṣaṇam) - distinction, difference, special quality

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viśeṣaṇa

viśeṣaṇa - distinction, specific characteristic, attribute, differentiating quality

verbal noun

derived from root śiṣ (to distinguish) with upasarga vi

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

कृष्यन्ते (kṛṣyante) - are pulled, are dragged

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (lat) of kṛṣ

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: The active form would be 'karṣanti'.

पशवः (paśavaḥ) - animals

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paśu

paśu - animal, cattle, beast

Note: Subject of 'kṛṣyante'.

रज्ज्वा (rajjvā) - by a rope

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of rajju

rajju - rope, cord

Note: Instrument by which animals are pulled.

मनसा (manasā) - by the mind

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Instrument by which deluded people are pulled.

मूढ-चेतसः (mūḍha-cetasaḥ) - those of deluded consciousness, fools

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mūḍha-cetas

mūḍha-cetas - having a deluded mind/consciousness, foolish

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mūḍha+cetas)

• mūḍha – deluded, confused, foolish, perplexed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root muh (to be bewildered, confused)
  Root: muh (class 4)
• cetas – consciousness, mind, intellect, heart
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied 'kṛṣyante'.