योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-14, verse-37

यः प्रवृत्तः कुबुद्धीनां दयावान्दुःखमार्जने ।
स्वगतच्छत्रनिर्मृष्टसूर्यांशु खिद्यते नभः ॥ ३७ ॥

yaḥ pravṛttaḥ kubuddhīnāṃ dayāvānduḥkhamārjane ,
svagatacchatranirmṛṣṭasūryāṃśu khidyate nabhaḥ 37

37. yaḥ pravṛttaḥ kubuddhīnām dayāvān duḥkhamārjane
svagatacchatranirmṛṣṭasūryāṃśu khidyate nabhaḥ

37. yaḥ dayāvān kubuddhīnām duḥkhamārjane pravṛttaḥ,
(saḥ) svagatacchatranirmṛṣṭasūryāṃśu nabhaḥ (iva) khidyate

37. That compassionate individual (dayāvān) who endeavors to alleviate the suffering of those with misguided intellect (kubuddhi) becomes weary (khidyate), much like the sky is perceived to be hindered when the sun's rays are obscured by one's own parasol.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - that person who (who, which, that)

• प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - engaged (in action) (engaged, active, begun, undertaken)

• कुबुद्धीनाम् (kubuddhīnām) - of those with misguided intellect (of those with bad intellect, of fools, of the foolish)

• दयावान् (dayāvān) - compassionate, merciful, kind

• दुःखमार्जने (duḥkhamārjane) - in the removal of suffering, in wiping away pain

• स्वगतच्छत्रनिर्मृष्टसूर्यांशु (svagatacchatranirmṛṣṭasūryāṁśu) - whose sun's rays are obscured by one's own parasol

• खिद्यते (khidyate) - becomes weary, is distressed (by futility) (he/it is distressed, suffers, becomes weary, toils)

• नभः (nabhaḥ) - sky (as an example) (sky, atmosphere, ether, cloud)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - that person who (who, which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun referring to an implied person.

प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - engaged (in action) (engaged, active, begun, undertaken)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - engaged in, active, commenced, arisen, set out

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'pra-vṛt' (to turn forth, to proceed, to begin)

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `yaḥ`.

कुबुद्धीनाम् (kubuddhīnām) - of those with misguided intellect (of those with bad intellect, of fools, of the foolish)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of kubuddhi

kubuddhi - bad intellect, foolish, unwise, having wrong ideas

Compound: 'ku' (bad, evil) + 'buddhi' (intellect)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ku+buddhi)

• ku – bad, evil, wrong
  indeclinable
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, perception
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'budh' (to know, perceive)
  Root: budh (class 1)

दयावान् (dayāvān) - compassionate, merciful, kind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dayāvat

dayāvat - compassionate, merciful, kind, full of pity

Possessive suffix -vat added to dayā

दुःखमार्जने (duḥkhamārjane) - in the removal of suffering, in wiping away pain

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of duḥkhamārjana

duḥkhamārjana - removal of suffering, wiping away pain

Tatpurusha compound: duḥkha (suffering) + mārjana (wiping away)

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+mārjana)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, misery, sorrow
  noun (neuter)
• mārjana – wiping, cleansing, removing, purifying
  noun (neuter)
  Verbal noun (from mṛj)
  Root: mṛj (class 2)

स्वगतच्छत्रनिर्मृष्टसूर्यांशु (svagatacchatranirmṛṣṭasūryāṁśu) - whose sun's rays are obscured by one's own parasol

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svagatacchatranirmṛṣṭasūryāṃśu

svagatacchatranirmṛṣṭasūryāṁśu - whose sun's rays are obscured/wiped away by one's own parasol

Bahuvrihi compound: svagata-chatra-nirmṛṣṭa-sūryāṃśu

Compound type : bahuvrihi (svagata+chatra+nirmṛṣṭa+sūryāṃśu)

• svagata – self-contained, belonging to oneself, one's own
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle (from svayam + gam)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• chatra – parasol, umbrella
  noun (neuter)
• nirmṛṣṭa – wiped off, cleansed, removed, obscured
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from 'nir-mṛj' (to wipe away)
  Prefix: nir
  Root: mṛj (class 2)
• sūryāṃśu – sunbeam, sun's ray
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: sūrya (sun) + aṃśu (ray)

खिद्यते (khidyate) - becomes weary, is distressed (by futility) (he/it is distressed, suffers, becomes weary, toils)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of khid

Root: khid (class 4)

नभः (nabhaḥ) - sky (as an example) (sky, atmosphere, ether, cloud)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nabhas

nabhas - sky, atmosphere, ether, cloud