योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-14, verse-20

जले जलचरव्यूहान्सूक्ष्मान्स्थूलो निकृन्तति ।
ग्रासार्थं निर्दयो मत्स्यः कैवात्र परिदेवना ॥ २० ॥

jale jalacaravyūhānsūkṣmānsthūlo nikṛntati ,
grāsārthaṃ nirdayo matsyaḥ kaivātra paridevanā 20

20. jale jalacaravyūhān sūkṣmān sthūlaḥ nikṛntati |
grāsārtham nirdayaḥ matsyaḥ kā eva atra paridevanā ||

20. jale sthūlaḥ nirdayaḥ matsyaḥ grāsārtham sūkṣmān
jalacaravyūhān nikṛntati atra kā eva paridevanā

20. In the water, the large, merciless fish devours multitudes of smaller aquatic creatures for its sustenance. What lamentation (paridevanā) can there possibly be here?

Words meanings summery:

• जले (jale) - in the water

• जलचरव्यूहान् (jalacaravyūhān) - multitudes of aquatic creatures

• सूक्ष्मान् (sūkṣmān) - small, minute, subtle

• स्थूलः (sthūlaḥ) - large, bulky, gross

• निकृन्तति (nikṛntati) - cuts down, devours, destroys

• ग्रासार्थम् (grāsārtham) - for the sake of food, for food/sustenance

• निर्दयः (nirdayaḥ) - merciless, cruel, pitiless

• मत्स्यः (matsyaḥ) - fish

• का (kā) - what, which

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• परिदेवना (paridevanā) - lamentation, complaint

Words meanings and morphology

जले (jale) - in the water

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water

जलचरव्यूहान् (jalacaravyūhān) - multitudes of aquatic creatures

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jalacaravyūha

jalacaravyūha - multitude/collection of aquatic creatures

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (jalacara+vyūha)

• jalacara – moving in water, aquatic; an aquatic animal
  adjective (masculine)
• vyūha – array, formation; multitude, collection
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ūh (class 1)

सूक्ष्मान् (sūkṣmān) - small, minute, subtle

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sūkṣma

sūkṣma - subtle, minute, fine, small, delicate

Note: Modifies 'jalacaravyūhān'.

स्थूलः (sthūlaḥ) - large, bulky, gross

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthūla

sthūla - large, bulky, stout, thick, gross

Note: Modifies 'matsyaḥ'.

निकृन्तति (nikṛntati) - cuts down, devours, destroys

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of kṛnt

Derived from root kṛt with ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: kṛt (class 6)

ग्रासार्थम् (grāsārtham) - for the sake of food, for food/sustenance

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (grāsa+artha)

• grāsa – a mouthful, a bite; food, prey
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gras (class 1)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Accusative form used adverbially.

निर्दयः (nirdayaḥ) - merciless, cruel, pitiless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirdaya

nirdaya - merciless, pitiless, cruel

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+dayā)

• nis – out, without, negative prefix
  indeclinable
• dayā – compassion, pity, sympathy
  noun (feminine)
  Root: day (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'matsyaḥ'.

मत्स्यः (matsyaḥ) - fish

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matsya

matsya - fish

का (kā) - what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which; why, how

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

परिदेवना (paridevanā) - lamentation, complaint

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of paridevanā

paridevanā - lamentation, wailing, complaint

Prefix: pari

Root: div (class 4)