योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-14, verse-39

किं किल स्फारमनसां पशूनां च विशेषणम् ।
कृष्यन्ते पशवो रज्ज्वा मनसा मूढचेतसः ॥ ३९ ॥

kiṃ kila sphāramanasāṃ paśūnāṃ ca viśeṣaṇam ,
kṛṣyante paśavo rajjvā manasā mūḍhacetasaḥ 39

39. kim kila sphāra-manasām paśūnām ca viśeṣaṇam
kṛṣyante paśavaḥ rajjvā manasā mūḍha-cetasaḥ

39. kila sphāra-manasaḥ ca paśūnām kim viśeṣaṇam
paśavaḥ rajjvā kṛṣyante mūḍha-cetasaḥ manasā

39. What indeed is the distinction between intelligent people (those with expanded minds) and animals? Animals are pulled by a rope, while those of deluded consciousness are pulled by their own minds.

39. מהו בעצם ההבדל בין בהמות לבין אנשים השקועים במחשבותיהם? בהמות נגררות באמצעות חבל, ואילו נבערים נגררים על ידי פעילות החשיבה שלהם.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what, how

• किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, as it were

• स्फार-मनसाम् (sphāra-manasām) - of those with expanded minds, of intelligent people

• पशूनाम् (paśūnām) - of animals

• च (ca) - and

• विशेषणम् (viśeṣaṇam) - distinction, difference, special quality

• कृष्यन्ते (kṛṣyante) - are pulled, are dragged

• पशवः (paśavaḥ) - animals

• रज्ज्वा (rajjvā) - by a rope

• मनसा (manasā) - by the mind

• मूढ-चेतसः (mūḍha-cetasaḥ) - those of deluded consciousness, fools

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what, how

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Used here as an interrogative pronoun.

किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, as it were

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic particle.

स्फार-मनसाम् (sphāra-manasām) - of those with expanded minds, of intelligent people

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sphāra-manas

sphāra-manas - having an expanded mind, intelligent, wise

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sphāra+manas)

• sphāra – expanded, large, swollen, blooming
  adjective
• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Qualifies an implied group of people.

पशूनाम् (paśūnām) - of animals

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of paśu

paśu - animal, cattle, beast

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विशेषणम् (viśeṣaṇam) - distinction, difference, special quality

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viśeṣaṇa

viśeṣaṇa - distinction, specific characteristic, attribute, differentiating quality

verbal noun

derived from root śiṣ (to distinguish) with upasarga vi

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

कृष्यन्ते (kṛṣyante) - are pulled, are dragged

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (lat) of kṛṣ

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: The active form would be 'karṣanti'.

पशवः (paśavaḥ) - animals

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paśu

paśu - animal, cattle, beast

Note: Subject of 'kṛṣyante'.

रज्ज्वा (rajjvā) - by a rope

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of rajju

rajju - rope, cord

Note: Instrument by which animals are pulled.

मनसा (manasā) - by the mind

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Instrument by which deluded people are pulled.

मूढ-चेतसः (mūḍha-cetasaḥ) - those of deluded consciousness, fools

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mūḍha-cetas

mūḍha-cetas - having a deluded mind/consciousness, foolish

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mūḍha+cetas)

• mūḍha – deluded, confused, foolish, perplexed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root muh (to be bewildered, confused)
  Root: muh (class 4)
• cetas – consciousness, mind, intellect, heart
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied 'kṛṣyante'.

Previous Verse Next Verse