योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-96, verse-60

तज्जडानां परं विद्धि जडं येनोच्यते मनः ।
न चावगच्छति जडं मनो यस्य हि चेतनम् ॥ ६० ॥

tajjaḍānāṃ paraṃ viddhi jaḍaṃ yenocyate manaḥ ,
na cāvagacchati jaḍaṃ mano yasya hi cetanam 60

60. tat jaḍānām param viddhi jaḍam yena ucyate manaḥ
na ca avagacchati jaḍam manaḥ yasya hi cetanam

60. jaḍānām (janānām) yena manaḥ jaḍam ucyate,
tat (manaḥ) param viddhi.
ca yasya manaḥ cetanam (asti),
(saḥ) hi jaḍam na avagacchati.

60. Know that mind (manas), which is called inert (jaḍa) by the inert, to be supreme. But if one's mind (manas) is conscious (cetana), it certainly does not perceive anything as inert (jaḍa).

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the mind which is called inert by the inert. (that, that (mind))

• जडानाम् (jaḍānām) - By the dull-witted or ignorant people. (of the inert ones, of the foolish, of the dull-witted)

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand (imperative)

• जडम् (jaḍam) - inert, dull, foolish

• येन (yena) - Refers to 'jaḍānām'. 'By which (the inert ones)'. (by whom, by which)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - Here, acts as 'but' introducing a contrast. (and, but)

• अवगच्छति (avagacchati) - perceives, understands, recognizes

• जडम् (jaḍam) - inert, dull, foolish

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely

• चेतनम् (cetanam) - conscious, sentient, animate

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - Refers to the mind which is called inert by the inert. (that, that (mind))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Object of 'viddhi'.

जडानाम् (jaḍānām) - By the dull-witted or ignorant people. (of the inert ones, of the foolish, of the dull-witted)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jaḍa

jaḍa - inert, dull, foolish, senseless, inanimate

Root: jaḍ (class 1)

Note: Implies 'by the inert people' when used with a passive verb.

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, other, beyond

Note: Refers to 'manaḥ'.

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Imperative, Active Voice

From root `vid` (to know), 2nd person singular imperative.

Root: vid (class 2)

जडम् (jaḍam) - inert, dull, foolish

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jaḍa

jaḍa - inert, dull, foolish, senseless, inanimate

Root: jaḍ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective agreeing with 'manaḥ' (understood as the object of `ucyate`).

येन (yena) - Refers to 'jaḍānām'. 'By which (the inert ones)'. (by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Relative pronoun.

Note: Agent of passive verb 'ucyate', implied to be 'by the inert ones'.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present Tense, Passive Voice

From root `vac` (to speak), 3rd person singular passive. Irregular passive stem `ucya-`.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'manaḥ'.

मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, consciousness

From root `man` (to think).

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'ucyate'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - Here, acts as 'but' introducing a contrast. (and, but)

(indeclinable)

अवगच्छति (avagacchati) - perceives, understands, recognizes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of avagam

Present Tense, Active Voice

From prefix `ava` + root `gam` (to go, to perceive), 3rd person singular.

Prefix: ava

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'manaḥ'.

जडम् (jaḍam) - inert, dull, foolish

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jaḍa

jaḍa - inert, dull, foolish, senseless, inanimate

Root: jaḍ (class 1)

Note: Object of perception for 'avagacchati'.

मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, consciousness

From root `man` (to think).

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'avagacchati'.

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Relative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'manaḥ'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

चेतनम् (cetanam) - conscious, sentient, animate

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cetana

cetana - conscious, sentient, intelligent, animate, mind

From root `cit` (to perceive, observe, be conscious).

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative agreeing with 'manaḥ'.