योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-96, verse-4

भावः सदसतोर्मध्ये नृणां चलति यश्चलः ।
कलनोन्मुखतां यातस्तद्रूपं मनसो विदुः ॥ ४ ॥

bhāvaḥ sadasatormadhye nṛṇāṃ calati yaścalaḥ ,
kalanonmukhatāṃ yātastadrūpaṃ manaso viduḥ 4

4. bhāvaḥ sad-asatoḥ madhye nṛṇām calati yaḥ calaḥ
kalanaunmukhatām yātaḥ tat rūpam manasaḥ viduḥ

4. nṛṇām madhye sad-asatoḥ yaḥ calaḥ bhāvaḥ calati
kalanaunmukhatām yātaḥ tat manasaḥ rūpam viduḥ

4. That mental state (bhāvaḥ) which fluctuates among humans (nṛṇām) between the existent and the non-existent, and which is fickle, having attained a tendency towards conceptualization – that, they understand to be the nature of the mind (manas).

Words meanings summery:

• भावः (bhāvaḥ) - mental state, thought (state of being, existence, mental state, emotion, intention)

• सद्-असतोः (sad-asatoḥ) - of the existent and the non-existent, of the real and the unreal

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, between, among

• नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - among humans (of men, of humans, among humans)

• चलति (calati) - fluctuates (moves, fluctuates, wavers, goes)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• चलः (calaḥ) - fickle, unsteady (moving, unsteady, fickle, transient)

• कलनौन्मुखताम् (kalanaunmukhatām) - a tendency towards conceptualization (inclination towards conceptualization, tendency for mental construction)

• यातः (yātaḥ) - having attained (gone, attained, reached, having gone)

• तत् (tat) - that (refers to the mental state described) (that, it)

• रूपम् (rūpam) - nature (form, nature, essence, appearance)

• मनसः (manasaḥ) - of the mind (of the mind, intellect, heart)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

Words meanings and morphology

भावः (bhāvaḥ) - mental state, thought (state of being, existence, mental state, emotion, intention)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāva

bhāva - being, existence, state, emotion, disposition, thought, intention

Root: bhū (class 1)

सद्-असतोः (sad-asatoḥ) - of the existent and the non-existent, of the real and the unreal

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, dual of sat-asat

sat-asat - existent-non-existent, real-unreal

Compound type : dvandva (sat+asat)

• sat – being, existent, real, good
  noun (neuter)
  present active participle
  from root as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)
• asat – not being, non-existent, unreal, bad
  noun (neuter)
  present active participle
  from root as (to be) with negation na
  Prefix: na
  Root: as (class 2)

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, between, among

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative singular of 'madhya' used adverbially

नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - among humans (of men, of humans, among humans)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nṛ

nṛ - man, human being

चलति (calati) - fluctuates (moves, fluctuates, wavers, goes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of cal

Root: cal (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun

चलः (calaḥ) - fickle, unsteady (moving, unsteady, fickle, transient)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cala

cala - moving, unsteady, fickle, transient

कलनौन्मुखताम् (kalanaunmukhatām) - a tendency towards conceptualization (inclination towards conceptualization, tendency for mental construction)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kalanaunmukhatā

kalanaunmukhatā - inclination towards conceptualization/mental activity

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kalana+unmukhatā)

• kalana – calculating, reckoning, conceptualizing, mental construction
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kal (class 1)
• unmukhatā – inclination, tendency, facing towards, eagerness
  noun (feminine)

यातः (yātaḥ) - having attained (gone, attained, reached, having gone)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yāta

yāta - gone, arrived, obtained, passed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'yā' (to go, to move)

Root: yā (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that (refers to the mental state described) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Agrees with 'rūpam' as the object of 'viduḥ'.

रूपम् (rūpam) - nature (form, nature, essence, appearance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, appearance, nature, essence

Note: Object of 'viduḥ'.

मनसः (manasaḥ) - of the mind (of the mind, intellect, heart)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, consciousness

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)