योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-11, verse-15

ततो युद्ध विना भूपा मही पालयितुं क्षमाः ।
न समथोस्तदा याताः प्रजाभिः सह दैन्यताम् ॥ १५ ॥

tato yuddha vinā bhūpā mahī pālayituṃ kṣamāḥ ,
na samathostadā yātāḥ prajābhiḥ saha dainyatām 15

15. tataḥ yuddha vinā bhūpāḥ mahī pālayitum kṣamāḥ
na samathoḥ tadā yātāḥ prajābhiḥ saha dainyatām

15. tataḥ bhūpāḥ yuddha vinā mahī pālayitum kṣamāḥ na
(āsan); tadā (te) prajābhiḥ saha samathoḥ dainyatām yātāḥ

15. Then, kings, without war, were not capable of protecting the earth. Consequently, they, along with their subjects, fell into wretchedness.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, consequently

• युद्ध (yuddha) - war, battle

• विना (vinā) - without, except for

• भूपाः (bhūpāḥ) - kings, rulers

• मही (mahī) - earth, land

• पालयितुम् (pālayitum) - to protect, to govern

• क्षमाः (kṣamāḥ) - capable, able

• न (na) - not, no

• समथोः (samathoḥ) - of the tranquil ones; (problematic form, likely intended as 'samarthāḥ' meaning 'capable')

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• याताः (yātāḥ) - gone, having gone, having attained, fallen (into a state)

• प्रजाभिः (prajābhiḥ) - by/with the subjects/people

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• दैन्यताम् (dainyatām) - to wretchedness, to misery

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, consequently

(indeclinable)

युद्ध (yuddha) - war, battle

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - war, battle, fight

Past Passive Participle (often used as noun)

From √yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of vinā.

विना (vinā) - without, except for

(indeclinable)

भूपाः (bhūpāḥ) - kings, rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhūpa

bhūpa - king, ruler (earth-protector)

Compound 'earth-protector'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhū+pa)

• bhū – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From √pā
  Root: pā (class 2)

मही (mahī) - earth, land

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, land, ground

Note: Appears as nominative 'mahī' in Devanagari, but functions as the object of the infinitive 'pālayitum' and thus should grammatically be in the accusative case ('mahīm'). This is likely a poetic license or a grammatical flexibility/error in the source text.

पालयितुम् (pālayitum) - to protect, to govern

(verb)

active, infinitive of pālayitum

Infinitive

Infinitive of the causal of √pā

Root: pā (class 2)

क्षमाः (kṣamāḥ) - capable, able

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣama

kṣama - capable, able, fit, patient

Note: Agrees with bhūpāḥ.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates kṣamāḥ.

समथोः (samathoḥ) - of the tranquil ones; (problematic form, likely intended as 'samarthāḥ' meaning 'capable')

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of samatha

samatha - calmness, tranquillity; capable (less common usage)

Note: See notes in word_base_data_json regarding grammatical inconsistency.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

याताः (yātāḥ) - gone, having gone, having attained, fallen (into a state)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yāta

yāta - gone, arrived, passed away, having attained

Past Passive Participle

From √yā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with bhūpāḥ (implied subject).

प्रजाभिः (prajābhiḥ) - by/with the subjects/people

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, subjects, people, creatures

Note: Used with saha.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

दैन्यताम् (dainyatām) - to wretchedness, to misery

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dainyatā

dainyatā - misery, wretchedness, helplessness, pitiable condition

From dainya (wretched) + tā (suffix for abstract noun)

Note: Object of yātāḥ.