योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-11, verse-28

श्मशानमापद दैन्यं दृष्ट्वा को न विरज्यते ।
तद्वैराग्यं परं श्रेयः स्वतो यदभिजायते ॥ २८ ॥

śmaśānamāpada dainyaṃ dṛṣṭvā ko na virajyate ,
tadvairāgyaṃ paraṃ śreyaḥ svato yadabhijāyate 28

28. śmaśānam āpadaḥ dainyam dṛṣṭvā kaḥ na virajyate
tat vairāgyam param śreyaḥ svataḥ yat abhijāyate

28. śmaśānam āpadaḥ dainyam dṛṣṭvā kaḥ na virajyate
yat vairāgyam svataḥ abhijāyate tat param śreyaḥ

28. Who would not become dispassionate (virāgya) after seeing a cremation ground, calamity, and wretchedness? That dispassion (virāgya) which arises naturally from within oneself is the supreme good.

Words meanings summery:

• श्मशानम् (śmaśānam) - a cremation ground, cemetery

• आपदः (āpadaḥ) - misfortunes, calamities, distress

• दैन्यम् (dainyam) - misery, wretchedness, poverty, humility

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• कः (kaḥ) - who (masculine)

• न (na) - not, no

• विरज्यते (virajyate) - becomes dispassionate, is detached, turns away (from worldly objects)

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the dispassion (vairāgya) mentioned. (that (neuter))

• वैराग्यम् (vairāgyam) - dispassion, detachment, indifference (virāgya)

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - good, welfare, ultimate benefit, prosperity

• स्वतः (svataḥ) - from oneself, spontaneously, naturally, of its own accord

• यत् (yat) - Refers to 'vairāgyam'. (which, that which (neuter))

• अभिजायते (abhijāyate) - arises, is born, originates, appears

Words meanings and morphology

श्मशानम् (śmaśānam) - a cremation ground, cemetery

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śmaśāna

śmaśāna - cremation ground, cemetery

From 'śma' (corpse) + 'śayana' (resting place).

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

आपदः (āpadaḥ) - misfortunes, calamities, distress

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of āpad

āpad - misfortune, calamity, distress, danger

From root 'pad' (to go) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दैन्यम् (dainyam) - misery, wretchedness, poverty, humility

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dainya

dainya - misery, wretchedness, poverty, humility

Derived from 'dīna' (poor, miserable) + 'ya' suffix.

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कः (kaḥ) - who (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'virajyate'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb 'virajyate'.

विरज्यते (virajyate) - becomes dispassionate, is detached, turns away (from worldly objects)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of viraj

From root 'rañj' (to color, to be pleased) with prefix 'vi', in passive voice or middle voice.

Prefix: vi

Root: rañj (class 1)

Note: Middle voice meaning 'is detached'.

तत् (tat) - Refers to the dispassion (vairāgya) mentioned. (that (neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Correlative to 'yat'.

वैराग्यम् (vairāgyam) - dispassion, detachment, indifference (virāgya)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vairāgya

vairāgya - dispassion, detachment, indifference (virāgya)

Derived from 'virāga' + 'ya' suffix.

Note: Subject of the second clause.

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate, other

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'śreyaḥ'.

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - good, welfare, ultimate benefit, prosperity

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - good, welfare, ultimate benefit, prosperity, better, preferable

Comparative of 'śrī' (prosperity) or 'praśasta' (excellent).

Root: śrī

Note: Predicate nominative.

स्वतः (svataḥ) - from oneself, spontaneously, naturally, of its own accord

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix '-tas' added to 'sva'.

Note: Modifies 'abhijāyate'.

यत् (yat) - Refers to 'vairāgyam'. (which, that which (neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'abhijāyate', corelative 'tat'.

अभिजायते (abhijāyate) - arises, is born, originates, appears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of abhijā

From root 'jan' (to be born) with prefix 'abhi'. Passive voice formation.

Prefix: abhi

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Middle voice.