वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-16, verse-4

तदपूर्वं नरपतेर्दृष्ट्वा रूपं भयावहम् ।
रामो ऽपि भयमापन्नः पदा स्पृष्ट्वेव पन्नगम् ॥४॥

4. tadapūrvaṃ narapaterdṛṣṭvā rūpaṃ bhayāvaham ,
rāmo'pi bhayamāpannaḥ padā spṛṣṭveva pannagam.

4. tat apūrvam narapateḥ dṛṣṭvā rūpam bhayāvaham |
rāmaḥ api bhayam āpannaḥ padā spṛṣṭvā iva pannagam

4. narapateḥ tat apūrvam bhayāvaham rūpam dṛṣṭvā
rāmaḥ api padā pannagam spṛṣṭvā iva bhayam āpannaḥ

4. Having seen that unprecedented and terrifying appearance of the king, Rama also became afraid, as if one had accidentally stepped on a serpent.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that

• अपूर्वम् (apūrvam) - unprecedented, unheard of, unique

• नरपतेः (narapateḥ) - of Daśaratha (of the king)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance, sight

• भयावहम् (bhayāvaham) - terrifying, frightful, causing fear

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• अपि (api) - also, even

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear

• आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - attained, reached, experienced

• पदा (padā) - with foot, by foot

• स्पृष्ट्वा (spṛṣṭvā) - having touched

• इव (iva) - as if, like

• पन्नगम् (pannagam) - serpent, snake

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies `rūpam`.

अपूर्वम् (apūrvam) - unprecedented, unheard of, unique

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apūrva

apūrva - unprecedented, novel, not existing before

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pūrva)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• pūrva – before, former, prior
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Qualifies `rūpam`.

नरपतेः (narapateḥ) - of Daśaratha (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of narapati

narapati - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+pati)

• nara – man
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master
  noun (masculine)

Note: Also ablative. Genitive is appropriate here (of the king).

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive

root 'dṛś' (to see) + suffix '-tvā'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indeclinable participle (absolutive/gerund).

रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance, sight

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, appearance, beauty

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

भयावहम् (bhayāvaham) - terrifying, frightful, causing fear

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhayāvaha

bhayāvaha - causing fear, dreadful, terrible

From 'bhaya' (fear) + 'āvaha' (bringing)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (bhaya+āvaha)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
• āvaha – bringing, causing
  adjective (neuter)
  agent noun/participle
  From root 'vah' with prefix 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `rūpam`.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread

Note: Object of `āpannaḥ`.

आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - attained, reached, experienced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - obtained, reached, fallen into, undergone

past passive participle

From root 'āp' (to obtain, reach) with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies `rāmaḥ`.

पदा (padā) - with foot, by foot

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of pad

pad - foot, step

स्पृष्ट्वा (spṛṣṭvā) - having touched

(indeclinable)

absolutive

root 'spṛś' (to touch) + suffix '-tvā'

Root: spṛś (class 6)

Note: Indeclinable participle (absolutive/gerund).

इव (iva) - as if, like

(indeclinable)

पन्नगम् (pannagam) - serpent, snake

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pannaga

pannaga - serpent, snake (lit. 'moving with feet')

from 'panna' (fallen) + 'ga' (going), but usually means 'serpent'

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (panna+ga)

• panna – fallen, descended
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'pat' (to fall)
  Root: pat (class 1)
• ga – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of `spṛṣṭvā`.

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