वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-16, verse-29

इदं तु ज्ञातुमिच्छामि किमर्थं मां महीपतिः ।
नाभिनन्दति दुर्धर्षो यथापुरमरिंदमः ॥२९॥

29. idaṃ tu jñātumicchāmi kimarthaṃ māṃ mahīpatiḥ ,
nābhinandati durdharṣo yathāpuramariṃdamaḥ.

29. idam tu jñātum icchāmi kim artham mām mahīpatiḥ
na abhinandati durdharṣaḥ yathāpuram arindamaḥ

29. tu aham idam jñātum icchāmi durdharṣaḥ arindamaḥ
mahīpatiḥ mām yathāpuram kim artham na abhinandati

29. However, I wish to know this: why does the unconquerable lord of the earth (mahīpati), the vanquisher of foes (arindama), not greet me as he did before?

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - this, the following

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to know, to understand

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• अर्थम् (artham) - purpose, meaning, reason

• माम् (mām) - me

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - King Dasharatha. (king, lord of the earth)

• न (na) - not, no

• अभिनन्दति (abhinandati) - greets, welcomes, rejoices

• दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - King Dasharatha. (unconquerable, unassailable, invincible)

• यथापुरम् (yathāpuram) - as before, as previously, as formerly

• अरिन्दमः (arindamaḥ) - King Dasharatha. (subduer of enemies, vanquisher of foes)

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - this, the following

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, the following

Neuter singular nominative/accusative form of idam. Refers to the question Rama is about to pose.

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to know, to understand

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form (tumun) of root jñā.

Root: jñā (class 9)

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

present

1st person singular present (laṭ) active voice of root iṣ (class 6).

Root: iṣ (class 6)

किम् (kim) - what, why

(interrogative pronoun)

अर्थम् (artham) - purpose, meaning, reason

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, aim, object, meaning, wealth

Often used adverbially in compounds like kimartham (for what purpose, why).

Note: Acts as an adverbial accusative here.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

1st person singular accusative pronoun.

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - King Dasharatha. (king, lord of the earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, lord of the earth, sovereign

Compound of 'mahī' (earth) and 'pati' (lord, master).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अभिनन्दति (abhinandati) - greets, welcomes, rejoices

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of nand

present

3rd person singular present (laṭ) active voice of root nand with prefix abhi.

Prefix: abhi

Root: nand (class 1)

दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - King Dasharatha. (unconquerable, unassailable, invincible)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - difficult to attack/assail, formidable, unconquerable

Compound of 'dur-' (difficult, bad) and 'dharṣa' (daring, assailing, from root dhṛṣ).

Compound type : pradi-tatpuruṣa (dur+dharṣa)

• dur – badly, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• dharṣa – daring, assailing, attack
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root dhṛṣ (to dare, attack).
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

यथापुरम् (yathāpuram) - as before, as previously, as formerly

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable adverbial compound of 'yathā' (as) and 'puram' (formerly, city, front).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+puram)

• yathā – as, just as, according to
  indeclinable
  Comparative particle.
• puram – formerly, previously
  indeclinable

अरिन्दमः (arindamaḥ) - King Dasharatha. (subduer of enemies, vanquisher of foes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arindama

arindama - subjugator of enemies, foe-vanquisher

Compound of 'ari' (enemy) and 'dama' (taming, subduing, from root dam).

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dama – taming, subduing, controlling
  adjective
  Agent noun/adjective
  Derived from root dam (to tame, subdue).
  Root: dam (class 4)