वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-16, verse-17

एतदाचक्ष्व मे देवि तत्त्वेन परिपृच्छतः ।
किंनिमित्तमपूर्वो ऽयं विकारो मनुजाधिपे ॥१७॥

17. etadācakṣva me devi tattvena paripṛcchataḥ ,
kiṃnimittamapūrvo'yaṃ vikāro manujādhipe.

17. etat ācakṣva me devi tattvena paripṛcchataḥ
kiṃnimittam apūrvaḥ ayam vikāraḥ manujādhipe

17. devi me tattvena paripṛcchataḥ etat ācakṣva
manujādhipe ayam apūrvaḥ vikāraḥ kim nimittam

17. O Lady, tell me this truly, as I inquire thoroughly: what is the cause of this unprecedented disturbance (vikāra) in the king?

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this (matter/situation) (this)

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, relate, explain

• मे (me) - to me (to me, my)

• देवि (devi) - O Lady (addressing a queen or royal lady) (O goddess, O lady)

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly, in truth, in reality

• परिपृच्छतः (paripṛcchataḥ) - of me who asks thoroughly (of one who asks/inquires thoroughly)

• किंनिमित्तम् (kiṁnimittam) - what is the cause, for what reason

• अपूर्वः (apūrvaḥ) - unprecedented, new, not seen before

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• विकारः (vikāraḥ) - disturbance, unnatural change (change, alteration, disturbance, abnormality)

• मनुजाधिपे (manujādhipe) - in the king (in the lord of men, in the king)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this (matter/situation) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)

Neuter nominative/accusative singular of `etad`.

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, relate, explain

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (Loṭ) of ā-cakṣ

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular.

From √cakṣ (to see, to say) with prefix `ā-`. 2nd class, ātmanepada.

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

मे (me) - to me (to me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (pronoun)

Enclitic dative/genitive singular of `asmad`.

देवि (devi) - O Lady (addressing a queen or royal lady) (O goddess, O lady)

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of devī

devī - goddess, queen, lady, divine woman

I-stem feminine noun. Vocative singular of `devī`.

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly, in truth, in reality

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle, true nature

Abstract noun from `tad` (that) + `-tva`.

परिपृच्छतः (paripṛcchataḥ) - of me who asks thoroughly (of one who asks/inquires thoroughly)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paripṛcchat

paripṛcchat - asking thoroughly, inquiring completely

Present Active Participle

Derived from √prach (to ask) with prefix `pari-`. Forms `paripṛcchat`, declined here in genitive singular masculine.

Prefix: pari

Root: prach (class 6)

किंनिमित्तम् (kiṁnimittam) - what is the cause, for what reason

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kiṃnimitta

kiṁnimitta - what cause, for what reason

Compound of `kim` (what) and `nimitta` (cause).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kim+nimitta)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun (neuter)
• nimitta – cause, reason, sign
  noun (neuter)

Note: Functions as a predicate nominative, asking about the cause.

अपूर्वः (apūrvaḥ) - unprecedented, new, not seen before

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apūrva

apūrva - unprecedented, novel, unique, not seen before, new

Compound of 'a-' (negative) and 'pūrva' (former, before).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pūrva)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• pūrva – former, previous, before
  adjective (masculine)

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular of `idam`.

विकारः (vikāraḥ) - disturbance, unnatural change (change, alteration, disturbance, abnormality)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikāra

vikāra - change, alteration, transformation, disturbance, abnormality, disease

From prefix vi- and √kṛ (to do, make).

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

मनुजाधिपे (manujādhipe) - in the king (in the lord of men, in the king)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of manujādhipa

manujādhipa - lord of men, king, sovereign

Compound of `manuja` (man) and `adhipa` (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (manuja+adhipa)

• manuja – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from manu (man) + ja (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, king, protector
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of adhi- (over) and pā (protector).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)