वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-16, verse-15

यतोमूलं नरः पश्येत् प्रादुर्भावमिहात्मनः ।
कथं तस्मिन्न वर्तेत प्रत्यक्षे सति दैवते ॥१५॥

15. yatomūlaṃ naraḥ paśyet prādurbhāvamihātmanaḥ ,
kathaṃ tasminna varteta pratyakṣe sati daivate.

15. yataḥ mūlam naraḥ paśyet prādurbhāvam iha ātmanaḥ
katham tasmin na varteta pratyakṣe sati daivate

15. naraḥ yataḥ mūlam iha ātmanaḥ prādurbhāvam paśyet
tasmin pratyakṣe daivate sati katham na varteta

15. How can a person fail to act (respectfully) towards that manifest deity, from whom they perceive the origin of their own self (ātman) in this world?

Words meanings summery:

• यतः (yataḥ) - from whom (from whom, from which, because)

• मूलम् (mūlam) - origin, source (root, origin, source)

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person, human being

• पश्येत् (paśyet) - one should see, perceive, understand

• प्रादुर्भावम् (prādurbhāvam) - origin, appearance (origin, manifestation, appearance)

• इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world, in this place)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of one's own self (ātman) (of the self, of oneself, of the soul (ātman))

• कथम् (katham) - how (rhetorical question implying 'should not') (how, why, in what manner)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - towards that (person/deity) (in that, towards that)

• न (na) - not, no

• वर्तेत (varteta) - one should conduct oneself (respectfully) (one should behave, one should act, one should exist)

• प्रत्यक्षे (pratyakṣe) - manifest, visible, evident, directly perceived

• सति (sati) - being, existing

• दैवते (daivate) - towards the (parent/guru considered as) deity (in the deity, towards the deity)

Words meanings and morphology

यतः (yataḥ) - from whom (from whom, from which, because)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Ablative singular of 'yad'.

मूलम् (mūlam) - origin, source (root, origin, source)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, origin, basis, cause, foundation

Note: Can also be nominative singular neuter. Here it functions as object of `paśyet`.

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person, human being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, person

Root: nṛ

पश्येत् (paśyet) - one should see, perceive, understand

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Liṅ) of dṛś

Optative mood, 3rd person singular.

√dṛś (class 1, parasmaipada), uses 'paśya' stem in present/optative.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

प्रादुर्भावम् (prādurbhāvam) - origin, appearance (origin, manifestation, appearance)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prādurbhāva

prādurbhāva - manifestation, appearance, origin, birth

From prefix prādur- and root √bhū (to be, to become).

Prefix: prādur

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Functions as object of `paśyet`.

इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world, in this place)

(indeclinable)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of one's own self (ātman) (of the self, of oneself, of the soul (ātman))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essential nature, breath

N-stem noun.

कथम् (katham) - how (rhetorical question implying 'should not') (how, why, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - towards that (person/deity) (in that, towards that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Locative singular masculine/neuter of 'tad'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वर्तेत (varteta) - one should conduct oneself (respectfully) (one should behave, one should act, one should exist)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (Liṅ) of vṛt

Optative mood, 3rd person singular.

√vṛt, 1st class, ātmanepada.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

प्रत्यक्षे (pratyakṣe) - manifest, visible, evident, directly perceived

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pratyakṣa

pratyakṣa - perceptible, evident, visible, direct perception

Compound of prati (towards) and akṣa (eye).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+akṣa)

• prati – towards, against, in front of
  indeclinable
• akṣa – eye, sense organ
  noun (neuter)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

सति (sati) - being, existing

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, real, truth

Present Active Participle

From √as (to be), declined in locative singular masculine/neuter.

Root: as (class 2)

दैवते (daivate) - towards the (parent/guru considered as) deity (in the deity, towards the deity)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of devata

devata - deity, divinity, divine being

From deva (god). Can be masculine or neuter.

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.