वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-16, verse-10

स दीन इव शोकार्तो विषण्णवदनद्युतिः ।
कैकेयीमभिवाद्यैव रामो वचनमब्रवीत् ॥१०॥

10. sa dīna iva śokārto viṣaṇṇavadanadyutiḥ ,
kaikeyīmabhivādyaiva rāmo vacanamabravīt.

10. saḥ dīnaḥ iva śokārtaḥ viṣaṇṇa-vadana-dyutiḥ
kaikeyīm abhivādya eva rāmaḥ vacanam abravīt

10. rāmaḥ saḥ dīnaḥ iva śokārtaḥ viṣaṇṇa-vadana-dyutiḥ
kaikeyīm abhivādya eva vacanam abravīt

10. Appearing miserable and afflicted by sorrow, with a dejected facial glow, Rāma spoke these words immediately after saluting Kaikeyī.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Rāma (referring to Rāma) (he, that)

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - miserable (referring to Rāma's state) (miserable, dejected, humble, poor)

• इव (iva) - as if (as if, like, similar to)

• शोकार्तः (śokārtaḥ) - afflicted by sorrow (afflicted by sorrow, distressed)

• विषण्ण-वदन-द्युतिः (viṣaṇṇa-vadana-dyutiḥ) - with a dejected facial radiance (with a dejected facial radiance/luster)

• कैकेयीम् (kaikeyīm) - Kaikeyī (Kaikeyī (name of a queen))

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted (having saluted, having bowed to)

• एव (eva) - just, immediately after (just, only, indeed, certainly)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (Rāma (name of the hero))

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, saying)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Rāma (referring to Rāma) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - miserable (referring to Rāma's state) (miserable, dejected, humble, poor)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - miserable, dejected, humble, poor, depressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root DI (दी) 'to decay' or 'to diminish'.

Root: DI (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Rāma.

इव (iva) - as if (as if, like, similar to)

(indeclinable)

शोकार्तः (śokārtaḥ) - afflicted by sorrow (afflicted by sorrow, distressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokārta

śokārta - afflicted by sorrow, distressed by grief

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+ārta)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, distress
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ŚUC (class 1)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root Ṛ 'to go, to move', with prefix A.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: Ṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Rāma.

विषण्ण-वदन-द्युतिः (viṣaṇṇa-vadana-dyutiḥ) - with a dejected facial radiance (with a dejected facial radiance/luster)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣaṇṇavadandyuti

viṣaṇṇavadandyuti - having a dejected countenance or facial glow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viṣaṇṇa+vadana+dyuti)

• viṣaṇṇa – dejected, sad, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root SAD (षद्) 'to sit, sink' with prefix VI.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: SAD (class 1)
• vadana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)
  Root: VAD (class 1)
• dyuti – radiance, splendor, luster
  noun (feminine)
  Root: DYUT (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Rāma.

कैकेयीम् (kaikeyīm) - Kaikeyī (Kaikeyī (name of a queen))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kaikeyī

kaikeyī - Kaikeyī (name of one of Daśaratha's queens, Bharata's mother)

Feminine form of Kika (from Kikata, ancient kingdom).

Note: Object of 'abhivādya'.

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted (having saluted, having bowed to)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root VAD (वद्) 'to speak' with prefixes ABHI (अभि) and Ā (आ). Formed with suffix -ya (ल्यप्).

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: VAD (class 1)

Note: Implies an action completed before the main verb.

एव (eva) - just, immediately after (just, only, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the immediacy of the action.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (Rāma (name of the hero))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (the seventh avatar of Vishnu, hero of the Rāmāyaṇa)

From root RAM 'to delight'.

Root: RAM (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying, utterance

Verbal noun

Derived from root VAD (वद्) 'to speak' with suffix -ana.

Root: VAD (class 1)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: BRŪ (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.