वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-16, verse-53

स रामस्य वचः श्रुत्वा भृशं दुःखहतः पिता ।
शोकादशक्नुवन्बाष्पं प्ररुरोद महास्वनम् ॥५३॥

53. sa rāmasya vacaḥ śrutvā bhṛśaṃ duḥkhahataḥ pitā ,
śokādaśaknuvanbāṣpaṃ praruroda mahāsvanam.

53. saḥ rāmasya vacaḥ śrutvā bhṛśam duḥkhahataḥ pitā
śokāt aśaknuvan bāṣpam praruroda mahāsvanam

53. saḥ pitā rāmasya vacaḥ śrutvā bhṛśam duḥkhahataḥ
śokāt bāṣpam aśaknuvan mahāsvanam praruroda

53. Having heard Rāma's words, the father, intensely afflicted by sorrow (duḥkha), was so overwhelmed that he could not restrain his tears and wailed with a great sound.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, intensely, exceedingly

• दुःखहतः (duḥkhahataḥ) - struck by sorrow, overcome with grief, afflicted by sorrow

• पिता (pitā) - father

• शोकात् (śokāt) - from sorrow, due to grief

• अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - unable, not able to

• बाष्पम् (bāṣpam) - tears

• प्ररुरोद (praruroda) - he wailed, he cried aloud

• महास्वनम् (mahāsvanam) - with a great sound, loudly

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name, son of Daśaratha)

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, statement

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Absolutive suffix -tvā added to root śru

Root: śru (class 5)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, intensely, exceedingly

(indeclinable)

दुःखहतः (duḥkhahataḥ) - struck by sorrow, overcome with grief, afflicted by sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhahata

duḥkhahata - struck by sorrow, overwhelmed with grief

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+hata)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, misery, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• hata – struck, killed, destroyed, afflicted
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: han (class 2)

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

शोकात् (śokāt) - from sorrow, due to grief

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation, affliction

अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - unable, not able to

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśaknuvat

aśaknuvat - not able, unable, impotent

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root śak with negative prefix a-

Prefix: a

Root: śak (class 5)

बाष्पम् (bāṣpam) - tears

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bāṣpa

bāṣpa - tears, vapor, steam

प्ररुरोद (praruroda) - he wailed, he cried aloud

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of pra-√rud

Prefix: pra

Root: rud (class 2)

महास्वनम् (mahāsvanam) - with a great sound, loudly

(indeclinable)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+svana)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• svana – sound, noise, voice, cry
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Used as an adverbial accusative to describe the manner of weeping.