वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-16, verse-45

तदप्रियमनार्याया वचनं दारुणोदरम् ।
श्रुत्वा गतव्यथो रामः कैकेयीं वाक्यमब्रवीत् ॥४५॥

45. tadapriyamanāryāyā vacanaṃ dāruṇodaram ,
śrutvā gatavyatho rāmaḥ kaikeyīṃ vākyamabravīt.

45. tat apriyam anāryāyāḥ vacanam dāruṇodaram śrutvā
gatavyathaḥ rāmaḥ kaikeyīm vākyam abravīt

45. rāmaḥ anāryāyāḥ tat apriyam dāruṇodaram vacanam śrutvā,
gatavyathaḥ,
kaikeyīm vākyam abravīt

45. Having heard that unpleasant and cruel speech of the ignoble woman, Rāma, his distress gone, spoke these words to Kaikeyī.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, unloved

• अनार्यायाः (anāryāyāḥ) - Refers to Kaikeyī. (of the ignoble woman, of the ignoble one)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - speech, word, statement

• दारुणोदरम् (dāruṇodaram) - Referring to the speech as inwardly cruel or having a harsh essence. (cruel-hearted, harsh-bellied (metaphorically for harsh/wretched in content))

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• गतव्यथः (gatavyathaḥ) - whose distress is gone, relieved of pain

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

• कैकेयीम् (kaikeyīm) - to Kaikeyī

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, it

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, unloved

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, unloved, disliked

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'vacanam'.

अनार्यायाः (anāryāyāḥ) - Refers to Kaikeyī. (of the ignoble woman, of the ignoble one)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of anāryā

anāryā - ignoble woman, uncivilized woman, improper woman

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+āryā)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
• āryā – noble woman, respectable woman
  noun (feminine)

Note: Possessive, describes 'vacanam'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - speech, word, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, statement, saying

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

दारुणोदरम् (dāruṇodaram) - Referring to the speech as inwardly cruel or having a harsh essence. (cruel-hearted, harsh-bellied (metaphorically for harsh/wretched in content))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dāruṇodara

dāruṇodara - cruel-hearted, having a cruel interior, harsh-bellied, terrible

Compound of 'dāruṇa' and 'udara'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dāruṇa+udara)

• dāruṇa – harsh, cruel, severe, terrible
  adjective (neuter)
• udara – belly, interior, inside, essence
  noun (neuter)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'śru' (to hear) + -tvā (absolutive suffix).

Root: śru (class 5)

गतव्यथः (gatavyathaḥ) - whose distress is gone, relieved of pain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatavyatha

gatavyatha - whose distress is gone, relieved of pain, fearless

Compound of 'gata' and 'vyathā'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+vyathā)

• gata – gone, departed, disappeared
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'gam' (to go) + kta (past participle suffix).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• vyathā – distress, pain, suffering, uneasiness
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rāmaḥ'.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of the hero), pleasing, charming

कैकेयीम् (kaikeyīm) - to Kaikeyī

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kaikeyī

kaikeyī - Kaikeyī (proper name, Dasharatha's wife and Rāma's stepmother)

Note: Indirect object of 'abravīt' (spoken to).

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, statement, sentence

Note: Direct object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Tense

From root 'brū' (to speak) + a (augment) + vīt (3rd sg active ending, irregular).

Root: brū (class 2)