वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-16, verse-5

इन्द्रियैरप्रहृष्टैस्तं शोकसंतापकर्शितम् ।
निःश्वसन्तं महाराजं व्यथिताकुलचेतसं ॥५॥

5. indriyairaprahṛṣṭaistaṃ śokasaṃtāpakarśitam ,
niḥśvasantaṃ mahārājaṃ vyathitākulacetasaṃ.

5. indriyaiḥ aprahṛṣṭaiḥ tam śokasaṃtāpakarśitam
| niḥśvasantam mahārājam vyathitākulacetasam

5. tam mahārājam indriyaiḥ aprahṛṣṭaiḥ
śokasaṃtāpakarśitam niḥśvasantam vyathitākulacetasam

5. With senses ungladdened, emaciated by grief and agony, sighing heavily, and with an agitated and troubled mind – (thus was) that great king.

Words meanings summery:

• इन्द्रियैः (indriyaiḥ) - by the senses

• अप्रहृष्टैः (aprahṛṣṭaiḥ) - ungladdened, joyless, depressed

• तम् (tam) - the king (Daśaratha) (him, that)

• शोकसंतापकर्शितम् (śokasaṁtāpakarśitam) - emaciated by grief and agony

• निःश्वसन्तम् (niḥśvasantam) - sighing, breathing heavily

• महाराजम् (mahārājam) - King Daśaratha (the great king)

• व्यथिताकुलचेतसम् (vyathitākulacetasam) - whose mind was agitated and troubled

Words meanings and morphology

इन्द्रियैः (indriyaiḥ) - by the senses

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of indriya

indriya - sense organ, faculty of sense

अप्रहृष्टैः (aprahṛṣṭaiḥ) - ungladdened, joyless, depressed

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of aprahṛṣṭa

aprahṛṣṭa - not joyful, ungladdened, sad

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prahṛṣṭa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• prahṛṣṭa – rejoiced, gladdened, happy
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'hṛṣ' with prefix 'pra'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `indriyaiḥ`.

तम् (tam) - the king (Daśaratha) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king, object of an implicit verb (e.g., 'saw').

शोकसंतापकर्शितम् (śokasaṁtāpakarśitam) - emaciated by grief and agony

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śokasaṃtāpakarśita

śokasaṁtāpakarśita - emaciated or weakened by sorrow and distress

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+saṃtāpa+karśita)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• saṃtāpa – agony, distress, heat
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'tap' with prefix 'sam'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)
• karśita – emaciated, weakened, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛś' (to emaciate, weaken)
  Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `mahārājam` (referring to `tam`).

निःश्वसन्तम् (niḥśvasantam) - sighing, breathing heavily

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niḥśvasant

niḥśvasant - sighing, breathing out

present active participle

From root 'śvas' (to breathe) with prefix 'nis'

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `mahārājam` (referring to `tam`).

महाराजम् (mahārājam) - King Daśaratha (the great king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great
  adjective
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of an implicit verb (e.g., 'saw').

व्यथिताकुलचेतसम् (vyathitākulacetasam) - whose mind was agitated and troubled

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyathitākulacetas

vyathitākulacetas - whose mind is troubled and agitated

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyathita+ākula+cetas)

• vyathita – troubled, pained, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vyath' (to tremble, be troubled)
  Root: vyath (class 1)
• ākula – agitated, confused, filled with
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'kul' with prefix 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kul (class 1)
• cetas – mind, consciousness, intelligence
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `mahārājam` (referring to `tam`).