वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-16, verse-12

विवर्णवदनो दीनो न हि मामभिभाषते ।
शारीरो मानसो वापि कच्चिदेनं न बाधते ।
संतापो वाभितापो वा दुर्लभं हि सदा सुखम् ॥१२॥

12. vivarṇavadano dīno na hi māmabhibhāṣate ,
śārīro mānaso vāpi kaccidenaṃ na bādhate ,
saṃtāpo vābhitāpo vā durlabhaṃ hi sadā sukham.

12. vivarṇa-vadanaḥ dīnaḥ na hi mām
abhibhāṣate śārīraḥ mānasaḥ vā api
kaccit enam na bādhate saṃtāpaḥ vā
abhitāpaḥ vā durlabham hi sadā sukham

12. saḥ vivarṇa-vadanaḥ dīnaḥ hi mām na abhibhāṣate.
kaccit śārīraḥ vā mānasaḥ api (rogaḥ) enam na bādhate? vā saṃtāpaḥ vā abhitāpaḥ (enam na bādhate)? hi sukham sadā durlabham.

12. With a pale and dejected face, he indeed does not speak to me. I hope no physical or mental affliction troubles him, nor any internal distress or external torment? For happiness is indeed always rare to find.

Words meanings summery:

• विवर्ण-वदनः (vivarṇa-vadanaḥ) - with a pale face (with a pale/discolored face)

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - dejected (miserable, dejected, humble, poor)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• माम् (mām) - me (Rāma) (me (accusative))

• अभिभाषते (abhibhāṣate) - speaks to (he speaks to, addresses)

• शारीरः (śārīraḥ) - physical (affliction) (bodily, physical, related to the body)

• मानसः (mānasaḥ) - mental (affliction) (mental, spiritual, related to the mind)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• अपि (api) - (question particle) (also, even, and, but, a particle denoting doubt or question)

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope not (I hope not, is it not?, perhaps, if perchance)

• एनम् (enam) - him (the father, Daśaratha) (him, this one)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• बाधते (bādhate) - afflicts, troubles (afflicts, troubles, pains, oppresses)

• संतापः (saṁtāpaḥ) - internal distress (distress, anguish, internal suffering, heat)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• अभितापः (abhitāpaḥ) - external torment (anguish, torment, external pain)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• दुर्लभम् (durlabham) - rare to find (difficult to obtain, rare, unattainable)

• हि (hi) - for (giving a reason) (indeed, for, because)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, constantly)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, comfort, pleasure, ease)

Words meanings and morphology

विवर्ण-वदनः (vivarṇa-vadanaḥ) - with a pale face (with a pale/discolored face)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivarṇavadana

vivarṇavadana - having a pale or discolored face, wan-faced

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vivarṇa+vadana)

• vivarṇa – discolored, pale, changed color
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root VṚ 'to cover, choose' with prefix VI.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: VṚ (class 5)
• vadana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)
  Root: VAD (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject, Daśaratha.

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - dejected (miserable, dejected, humble, poor)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - miserable, dejected, humble, poor, depressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root DI (दी) 'to decay' or 'to diminish'.

Root: DI (class 4)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject, Daśaratha.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'abhibhāṣate'.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the statement.

माम् (mām) - me (Rāma) (me (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us

Note: Object of 'abhibhāṣate'.

अभिभाषते (abhibhāṣate) - speaks to (he speaks to, addresses)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhāṣ

Prefix: abhi

Root: BHĀṢ (class 1)

Note: Main verb. Subject is implied (Daśaratha).

शारीरः (śārīraḥ) - physical (affliction) (bodily, physical, related to the body)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śārīra

śārīra - bodily, corporeal, physical, relating to the body

Derived from śarīra (body) with suffix -a.

Note: Qualifies an implied noun like 'rogaḥ' (disease) or 'doṣaḥ' (fault).

मानसः (mānasaḥ) - mental (affliction) (mental, spiritual, related to the mind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānasa

mānasa - mental, spiritual, related to the mind, produced in the mind

Derived from manas (mind) with suffix -a.

Note: Qualifies an implied noun like 'rogaḥ' (disease) or 'doṣaḥ' (fault).

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects alternatives.

अपि (api) - (question particle) (also, even, and, but, a particle denoting doubt or question)

(indeclinable)

Note: Intensifies the question.

कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope not (I hope not, is it not?, perhaps, if perchance)

(indeclinable)

Note: Expresses a hopeful query about the king's well-being.

एनम् (enam) - him (the father, Daśaratha) (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him, her, it

Note: Object of 'bādhate'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'bādhate'.

बाधते (bādhate) - afflicts, troubles (afflicts, troubles, pains, oppresses)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bādh

Root: BĀDH (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the question.

संतापः (saṁtāpaḥ) - internal distress (distress, anguish, internal suffering, heat)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃtāpa

saṁtāpa - distress, anguish, burning heat, suffering, grief

Verbal noun

Derived from root TAP (तप्) 'to heat, suffer' with prefix SAM (सम्).

Prefix: sam

Root: TAP (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects alternatives.

अभितापः (abhitāpaḥ) - external torment (anguish, torment, external pain)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhitāpa

abhitāpa - anguish, torment, affliction, pain (often implies external or intense pain)

Verbal noun

Derived from root TAP (तप्) 'to heat, suffer' with prefix ABHI (अभि).

Prefix: abhi

Root: TAP (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects alternatives.

दुर्लभम् (durlabham) - rare to find (difficult to obtain, rare, unattainable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durlabha

durlabha - difficult to obtain, rare, hard to get, unattainable

Gerundive

Compound of DUR (दुर्) 'difficult' + LABHA (लभ) 'obtainable' (from root LABH 'to get').

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa-like (Durgati) (dur+labha)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• labha – obtainable, to be gained
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From root LABH (लभ्) 'to get, obtain'.
  Root: LABH (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'sukham'.

हि (hi) - for (giving a reason) (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Explanatory particle.

सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, constantly)

(indeclinable)

From root SAD (सद्) 'to sit, to exist'.

Root: SAD (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'durlabham'.

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, comfort, pleasure, ease)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, comfort, pleasure, ease, joy

Said to be from SU (सु) 'good' + KHA (ख) 'space/hole (of a wheel)'.

Note: Subject of the final clause.