वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-16, verse-1

स ददर्शासने रामो निषण्णं पितरं शुभे ।
कैकेयीसहितं दीनं मुखेन परिशुष्यता ॥१॥

1. sa dadarśāsane rāmo niṣaṇṇaṃ pitaraṃ śubhe ,
kaikeyīsahitaṃ dīnaṃ mukhena pariśuṣyatā.

1. sa dadarśa āsane rāmaḥ niṣaṇṇam pitaram śubhe
kaikeyīsahitam dīnam mukhena pariśuṣyatā

1. sa rāmaḥ शुभे āsane niṣaṇṇam kaikeyīsahitam
dīnam mukhena pariśuṣyatā pitaram dadarśa

1. Rāma saw his father, who was seated on an auspicious seat and accompanied by Kaikeyī, looking miserable with a withered face.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - He (Rāma) (he, that)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw (saw, beheld)

• आसने (āsane) - on a seat (on a seat, in a sitting posture)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

• निषण्णम् (niṣaṇṇam) - seated (seated, sitting, settled)

• पितरम् (pitaram) - his father (father)

• शुभे (śubhe) - auspicious (auspicious, beautiful, good)

• कैकेयीसहितम् (kaikeyīsahitam) - accompanied by Kaikeyī

• दीनम् (dīnam) - miserable (miserable, dejected, poor, distressed)

• मुखेन (mukhena) - with a face (by the face, with the face)

• परिशुष्यता (pariśuṣyatā) - withered (by the one drying up, withered)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - He (Rāma) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Co-refers with Rāma.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw (saw, beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Perfect tense of √dṛś.

आसने (āsane) - on a seat (on a seat, in a sitting posture)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of āsana

āsana - seat, sitting, posture

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Refers to the physical seat.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (a prominent deity in Hinduism, hero of the Rāmāyaṇa)

Note: The subject of 'dadarśa'.

निषण्णम् (niṣaṇṇam) - seated (seated, sitting, settled)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niṣaṇṇa

niṣaṇṇa - seated, sitting, settled

Past Passive Participle

prefix ni + root sad + kta suffix (with sandhi)

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pitaram'.

पितरम् (pitaram) - his father (father)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: The object of 'dadarśa'.

शुभे (śubhe) - auspicious (auspicious, beautiful, good)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śubha

śubha - auspicious, beautiful, good, propitious

Note: Qualifies 'āsane'.

कैकेयीसहितम् (kaikeyīsahitam) - accompanied by Kaikeyī

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kaikeyīsahita

kaikeyīsahita - accompanied by Kaikeyī

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kaikeyī+sahita)

• kaikeyī – Kaikeyī (a queen of Daśaratha)
  proper noun (feminine)
• sahita – accompanied by, together with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  prefix sa + root dhā + kta suffix
  Prefix: sa
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'pitaram'.

दीनम् (dīnam) - miserable (miserable, dejected, poor, distressed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - miserable, dejected, poor, distressed

Past Passive Participle

root dī + kta suffix

Root: dī (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'pitaram'.

मुखेन (mukhena) - with a face (by the face, with the face)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - face, mouth, front

Note: Indicates the instrument or means.

परिशुष्यता (pariśuṣyatā) - withered (by the one drying up, withered)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pariśuṣyat

pariśuṣyat - drying up, withered

present active participle

prefix pari + root śuṣ + śatṛ suffix

Prefix: pari

Root: śuṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'mukhena'.