वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-16, verse-8

चिन्तयामास च तदा रामः पितृहिते रतः ।
किंस्विदद्यैव नृपतिर्न मां प्रत्यभिनन्दति ॥८॥

8. cintayāmāsa ca tadā rāmaḥ pitṛhite rataḥ ,
kiṃsvidadyaiva nṛpatirna māṃ pratyabhinandati.

8. cintayāmāsa ca tadā rāmaḥ pitṛhite rataḥ kim
svit adya eva nṛpatiḥ na mām pratyabhinandati

8. ca tadā pitṛhite rataḥ rāmaḥ cintayāmāsa.
svit kim nṛpatiḥ adya eva mām na pratyabhinandati?

8. And then Rama, devoted to his father's welfare, wondered, 'Why indeed today does the king not greet me with his usual warmth/approval?'

Words meanings summery:

• चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he thought (he thought, he reflected)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (Rama (a proper noun))

• पितृहिते (pitṛhite) - in his father's welfare (in the welfare of the father, for the father's benefit)

• रतः (rataḥ) - devoted (devoted, engrossed, delighting in)

• किम् (kim) - why (what?, why?, how?)

• स्वित् (svit) - indeed (indeed, perhaps, whether)

• अद्य (adya) - today

• एव (eva) - indeed, just (just, only, indeed)

• नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - the king (Dasaratha) (king, ruler)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• माम् (mām) - me (me (accusative of I))

• प्रत्यभिनन्दति (pratyabhinandati) - he greets with approval (he greets in return, he approves, he rejoices at)

Words meanings and morphology

चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he thought (he thought, he reflected)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of cint

Periphrastic Perfect

Formed with ām and root as in Perfect. 3rd person singular.

Root: cint (class 10)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal stem tad.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (Rama (a proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a celebrated hero, seventh incarnation of Vishnu)

Note: Subject of 'cintayāmāsa'.

पितृहिते (pitṛhite) - in his father's welfare (in the welfare of the father, for the father's benefit)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pitṛ-hita

pitṛ-hita - father's welfare, beneficial to the father

Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+hita)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• hita – welfare, good, benefit
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle of dhā (to place), meaning 'placed, set, suitable, good'
  From root dhā + kta suffix
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Indicates the sphere of activity for 'rataḥ'.

रतः (rataḥ) - devoted (devoted, engrossed, delighting in)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rata

rata - devoted to, engaged in, pleased, delighted

Past Passive Participle

From root ram (to rejoice, be pleased) + kta suffix.

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rāmaḥ'.

किम् (kim) - why (what?, why?, how?)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative pronoun/particle.

स्वित् (svit) - indeed (indeed, perhaps, whether)

(indeclinable)

अद्य (adya) - today

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb.

एव (eva) - indeed, just (just, only, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes 'adya'.

नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - the king (Dasaratha) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, ruler, lord of men

Tatpurusha compound: nṛ (men) + pati (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, men
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb.

माम् (mām) - me (me (accusative of I))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

1st person singular pronoun.

Note: Direct object of 'pratyabhinandati'.

प्रत्यभिनन्दति (pratyabhinandati) - he greets with approval (he greets in return, he approves, he rejoices at)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of abhinand

Present Indicative

From prefix prati + prefix abhi + root nand (to rejoice, gladden). 3rd person singular.

Prefixes: prati+abhi

Root: nand (class 1)