वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-16, verse-27

तदप्रियममित्रघ्नो वचनं मरणोपमम् ।
श्रुत्वा न विव्यथे रामः कैकेयीं चेदमब्रवीत् ॥२७॥

27. tadapriyamamitraghno vacanaṃ maraṇopamam ,
śrutvā na vivyathe rāmaḥ kaikeyīṃ cedamabravīt.

27. tat apriyam amitraghnaḥ vacanam maraṇopamam
śrutvā na vivyathe rāmaḥ kaikeyīm ca idam abravīt

27. amitraghnaḥ rāmaḥ tat apriyam maraṇopamam vacanam
śrutvā na vivyathe ca idam kaikeyīm abravīt

27. The foe-slayer (amitraghna) Rama, having heard that disagreeable word which was akin to death, was not distressed and spoke this to Kaikeyi.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that, this

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, unwelcome

• अमित्रघ्नः (amitraghnaḥ) - Rama, the slayer of enemies. (foe-slayer, enemy-killer)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, utterance

• मरणोपमम् (maraṇopamam) - like death, comparable to death, death-like

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• न (na) - not, no

• विव्यथे (vivyathe) - was distressed, was troubled, was agitated

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• कैकेयीम् (kaikeyīm) - Kaikeyi

• च (ca) - and, also

• इदम् (idam) - this, the following

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that, this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Neuter singular nominative/accusative form of tad.

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, unwelcome

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, not dear

Formed with negative prefix 'a-' and 'priya'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant
  adjective

अमित्रघ्नः (amitraghnaḥ) - Rama, the slayer of enemies. (foe-slayer, enemy-killer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amitraghna

amitraghna - slayer of enemies

Compound of 'amitra' (enemy) and 'ghna' (slayer, from root han, to strike/kill).

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (amitra+ghna)

• amitra – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
  Formed with negative prefix 'a-' and 'mitra'.
• ghna – killing, destroying, slayer
  adjective
  Agent noun/adjective
  Derived from root han (to strike/kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, utterance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, word, speech

Derived from root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of śrutvā.

मरणोपमम् (maraṇopamam) - like death, comparable to death, death-like

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of maraṇopama

maraṇopama - comparable to death

Compound of 'maraṇa' (death) and 'upama' (likeness, comparison).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (maraṇa+upama)

• maraṇa – death, dying
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root mṛ (to die).
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• upama – likeness, comparison, similar
  noun (masculine)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form of root śru.

Root: śru (class 5)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

विव्यथे (vivyathe) - was distressed, was troubled, was agitated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of vyath

Perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect (liṭ) middle voice of root vyath.

Root: vyath (class 1)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of the hero of Ramayana)

Note: Subject of vivyathe and abravīt.

कैकेयीम् (kaikeyīm) - Kaikeyi

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kaikeyī

kaikeyī - Kaikeyi (name of a queen, mother of Bharata)

Note: Object of abravīt.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

इदम् (idam) - this, the following

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, the following

Neuter singular nominative/accusative form of idam. Refers to the speech about to be uttered.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bru

Imperfect tense

3rd person singular imperfect (laṅ) active voice of root bru.

Root: bru (class 2)