वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-16, verse-31

हितेन गुरुणा पित्रा कृतज्ञेन नृपेण च ।
नियुज्यमानो विश्रब्धं किं न कुर्यादहं प्रियम् ॥३१॥

31. hitena guruṇā pitrā kṛtajñena nṛpeṇa ca ,
niyujyamāno viśrabdhaṃ kiṃ na kuryādahaṃ priyam.

31. hitena guruṇā pitrā kṛtajñena nṛpeṇa ca
niyujyamānaḥ viśrabdham kim na kuryāt aham priyam

31. When commanded by a benevolent teacher (guru), a father, or a grateful king, what dear duty would I not confidently perform?

Words meanings summery:

• हितेन (hitena) - by a beneficial, by a kind, by a well-wisher

• गुरुणा (guruṇā) - by a teacher, by a spiritual guide

• पित्रा (pitrā) - by a father

• कृतज्ञेन (kṛtajñena) - by a grateful, by one who acknowledges kindness

• नृपेण (nṛpeṇa) - by a king

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• नियुज्यमानः (niyujyamānaḥ) - being appointed, being commanded, being employed

• विश्रब्धम् (viśrabdham) - confidently, trustingly, faithfully

• किम् (kim) - what, why, whether

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - would do, should do, might do

• अहम् (aham) - I

• प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved, pleasing, beneficial thing

Words meanings and morphology

हितेन (hitena) - by a beneficial, by a kind, by a well-wisher

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, salutary, suitable, well-wisher

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dhā, with prefix hi-

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with guruṇā, pitrā, nṛpeṇa

गुरुणा (guruṇā) - by a teacher, by a spiritual guide

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, heavy, venerable

पित्रा (pitrā) - by a father

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

कृतज्ञेन (kṛtajñena) - by a grateful, by one who acknowledges kindness

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṛtajña

kṛtajña - grateful, knowing what has been done, acknowledging kindness

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṛta+jña)

• kṛta – done, made
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṛ 'to do, make'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• jña – knowing, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root jñā 'to know'
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with nṛpeṇa

नृपेण (nṛpeṇa) - by a king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

नियुज्यमानः (niyujyamānaḥ) - being appointed, being commanded, being employed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyujyamāna

niyujyamāna - being appointed, being commanded

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root yuj with prefix ni, passive voice, with -māna suffix

Compound type : prepositional compound (ni+yujyamāna)

• ni – down, into, in
  indeclinable
• yujyamāna – being joined, being employed
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Passive Participle
  Derived from root yuj 'to join, employ' with suffix -māna
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'aham'

विश्रब्धम् (viśrabdham) - confidently, trustingly, faithfully

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of viśrabdha (Past Passive Participle of vi-śrambh)

Compound type : prepositional compound (vi+śrabdha)

• vi – apart, asunder
  indeclinable
• śrabdha – trusted, confided in
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root śrambh 'to trust'
  Root: śrambh (class 1)

Note: Adverb modifying kuryāt

किम् (kim) - what, why, whether

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Can be nominative or accusative, here functions as 'what thing'.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - would do, should do, might do

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of kṛ

Optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used with 'aham' (I) implying 'what would I not do' - a rhetorical question.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved, pleasing, beneficial thing

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, beneficial

Note: Agrees with an implied object, 'thing'.