मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-4, verse-6
बन्धुवर्गस्तथा मित्रं यच्चेष्टमपरं गृहे ।
त्यक्त्वा गच्छति तत्सर्वं न जहाति सरस्वती ॥६॥
त्यक्त्वा गच्छति तत्सर्वं न जहाति सरस्वती ॥६॥
6. bandhuvargastathā mitraṃ yacceṣṭamaparaṃ gṛhe .
tyaktvā gacchati tatsarvaṃ na jahāti sarasvatī.
tyaktvā gacchati tatsarvaṃ na jahāti sarasvatī.
6.
bandhuvargaḥ tathā mitram yat ca iṣṭam aparam gṛhe
tyaktvā gacchati tat sarvam na jahāti sarasvatī
tyaktvā gacchati tat sarvam na jahāti sarasvatī
6.
Family, friends, and whatever other dear possessions one has in the home—all that departs, being forsaken. But knowledge (sarasvatī) never abandons.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- बन्धुवर्गः (bandhuvargaḥ) - group of relatives, family
- तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, and, likewise)
- मित्रम् (mitram) - friend, ally
- यत् (yat) - whatever (which, whatever, that which)
- च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)
- इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - dear (desired, beloved, dear, worshipped)
- अपरम् (aparam) - other (possessions) (other, another, subsequent)
- गृहे (gṛhe) - in the home (in the house, at home)
- त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having forsaken (having abandoned, having forsaken, leaving)
- गच्छति (gacchati) - departs (implies dying/leaving the world) (goes, walks, moves, departs, reaches)
- तत् (tat) - that (that, it)
- सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (of it) (all, every, whole)
- न (na) - not (not, no)
- जहाति (jahāti) - abandons (abandons, forsakes, leaves)
- सरस्वती (sarasvatī) - knowledge (sarasvatī) (Saraswati (goddess of knowledge, speech, learning), knowledge, eloquence)
Words meanings and morphology
बन्धुवर्गः (bandhuvargaḥ) - group of relatives, family
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of bandhuvarga
bandhuvarga - group of relatives, family
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bandhu+varga)
- bandhu – relative, kinsman, friend
noun (masculine) - varga – class, group, division
noun (masculine)
Root: vṛj (class 1)
तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, and, likewise)
(indeclinable)
मित्रम् (mitram) - friend, ally
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of mitra
mitra - friend, companion, ally
Note: Also accusative singular neuter, but nominative makes more sense in context.
यत् (yat) - whatever (which, whatever, that which)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, what, whatever, that
Note: Also accusative singular neuter.
च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)
(indeclinable)
इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - dear (desired, beloved, dear, worshipped)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of iṣṭa
iṣṭa - desired, beloved, dear, worshipped, sacrificed
Past Passive Participle
From root √yaj (to sacrifice, worship) or √iṣ (to wish, desire). Here, 'desired/dear'.
Root: iṣ (class 4)
Note: Modifies `yat` (implied `vastu` - 'thing'). Also accusative singular neuter.
अपरम् (aparam) - other (possessions) (other, another, subsequent)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of apara
apara - other, another, inferior, subsequent
Note: Modifies `yat iṣṭam` (whatever dear *other* thing). Also accusative singular neuter.
गृहे (gṛhe) - in the home (in the house, at home)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of gṛha
gṛha - house, home, dwelling
Root: grah (class 9)
त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having forsaken (having abandoned, having forsaken, leaving)
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
From root √tyaj 'to abandon, forsake'.
Root: tyaj (class 1)
गच्छति (gacchati) - departs (implies dying/leaving the world) (goes, walks, moves, departs, reaches)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam
Present Active Indicative
3rd person singular present active indicative of root √gam.
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: The subject is `tat sarvam` (all that).
तत् (tat) - that (that, it)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, it, he, she
Note: Refers to `bandhuvargaḥ tathā mitram yat ca iṣṭam aparam gṛhe`.
सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (of it) (all, every, whole)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole, complete
Note: Agrees with `tat`.
न (na) - not (not, no)
(indeclinable)
जहाति (jahāti) - abandons (abandons, forsakes, leaves)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of hā
Present Active Indicative
3rd person singular present active indicative of root √hā 'to abandon'.
Root: hā (class 3)
Note: The subject is `sarasvatī`.
सरस्वती (sarasvatī) - knowledge (sarasvatī) (Saraswati (goddess of knowledge, speech, learning), knowledge, eloquence)
(proper noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of sarasvatī
sarasvatī - Saraswati (goddess of knowledge, speech, arts, music), speech, eloquence, learning, knowledge