मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-4, verse-4
स्थानसौष्ठवसम्पन्नं जितश्वासमविश्रमम् ।
विस्पष्टमपदोषञ्च पठ्यते द्विजसत्तमैः ॥४॥
विस्पष्टमपदोषञ्च पठ्यते द्विजसत्तमैः ॥४॥
4. sthānasauṣṭhavasampannaṃ jitaśvāsamaviśramam .
vispaṣṭamapadoṣañca paṭhyate dvijasattamaiḥ.
vispaṣṭamapadoṣañca paṭhyate dvijasattamaiḥ.
4.
sthānasauṣṭhavasampannam jitaśvāsam aviśramam
vispaṣṭam apadoṣam ca paṭhyate dvijasattamaiḥ
vispaṣṭam apadoṣam ca paṭhyate dvijasattamaiḥ
4.
The sound [of their recitation] was endowed with perfect articulation and excellence, with controlled breath, continuous, very clear, and flawless, as it was recited by the best of the twice-born (dvija).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- स्थानसौष्ठवसम्पन्नम् (sthānasauṣṭhavasampannam) - (the sound) endowed with perfect articulation (regarding the position of vocal organs) and excellence (endowed with perfect pronunciation and clarity, perfect in its placement and excellence)
- जितश्वासम् (jitaśvāsam) - (the sound performed) with controlled breath (with controlled breath, breath-conquered)
- अविश्रमम् (aviśramam) - (the sound performed) without interruption (without pause, continuously, tirelessly)
- विस्पष्टम् (vispaṣṭam) - (the sound performed) very clearly (very clear, distinct, explicit)
- अपदोषम् (apadoṣam) - (the sound performed) flawlessly (without fault, flawless, faultless)
- च (ca) - and, also
- पठ्यते (paṭhyate) - is recited, is being read
- द्विजसत्तमैः (dvijasattamaiḥ) - by the excellent brāhmaṇas (dvija) who are birds in this context (by the best of the twice-born (brāhmaṇas), by the excellent brāhmaṇas)
Words meanings and morphology
स्थानसौष्ठवसम्पन्नम् (sthānasauṣṭhavasampannam) - (the sound) endowed with perfect articulation (regarding the position of vocal organs) and excellence (endowed with perfect pronunciation and clarity, perfect in its placement and excellence)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of sthānasauṣṭhavasampanna
sthānasauṣṭhavasampanna - endowed with perfect pronunciation and clarity, perfect in its placement and excellence
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sthānasauṣṭhava+sampanna)
- sthānasauṣṭhava – excellence of pronunciation, clarity of articulation
noun (neuter) - sampanna – endowed with, possessed of, complete, perfect
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Particatij
from root pad (to go) with upasarga sam (with) and suffix -ta
Prefix: sam
Root: pad (class 4)
Note: Describes the 'dhvanim' (sound) from the previous verse.
जितश्वासम् (jitaśvāsam) - (the sound performed) with controlled breath (with controlled breath, breath-conquered)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of jitaśvāsa
jitaśvāsa - breath-conquered, with controlled breath
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jita+śvāsa)
- jita – conquered, subdued, won
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
from root ji (to conquer, win)
Root: ji (class 1) - śvāsa – breath, breathing
noun (masculine)
Root: śvas (class 2)
Note: Describes the 'dhvanim' (sound).
अविश्रमम् (aviśramam) - (the sound performed) without interruption (without pause, continuously, tirelessly)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of aviśrama
aviśrama - without rest, ceaseless, continuous
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+viśrama)
- a – not, un-
prefix - viśrama – rest, repose, pause
noun (masculine)
from root śram (to be weary) with upasarga vi (apart)
Prefix: vi
Root: śram (class 4)
Note: Describes the 'dhvanim' (sound).
विस्पष्टम् (vispaṣṭam) - (the sound performed) very clearly (very clear, distinct, explicit)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vispaṣṭa
vispaṣṭa - very clear, distinct, explicit
Past Passive Participle
from root spṛś (to touch) with upasarga vi (distinctly), 'well-touched, made distinct'
Prefix: vi
Root: spṛś (class 6)
Note: Describes the 'dhvanim' (sound).
अपदोषम् (apadoṣam) - (the sound performed) flawlessly (without fault, flawless, faultless)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of apadoṣa
apadoṣa - without fault, flawless, faultless
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+doṣa)
- a – not, un-
prefix - doṣa – fault, defect, error, blame
noun (masculine)
Root: duṣ (class 4)
Note: Describes the 'dhvanim' (sound).
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
पठ्यते (paṭhyate) - is recited, is being read
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of paṭh
Present Passive
from root paṭh (to read, recite), present tense, 3rd person singular, passive voice
Root: paṭh (class 1)
द्विजसत्तमैः (dvijasattamaiḥ) - by the excellent brāhmaṇas (dvija) who are birds in this context (by the best of the twice-born (brāhmaṇas), by the excellent brāhmaṇas)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of dvijasattama
dvijasattama - best among the twice-born (brāhmaṇas), best of birds
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+sattama)
- dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth
noun (masculine)
Prefix: dvi
Root: jan (class 4) - sattama – best, excellent
adjective (masculine)
superlative suffix -tama
Root: as (class 2)
Note: Refers to the birds, who are described as 'dvija'.