मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-4, verse-12
दत्त्वा याचन्ति पुरुषा हत्वा वध्यन्ति चापरे ।
पातयित्वा च पात्यन्ते त एव तपसः क्षयात् ॥१२॥
पातयित्वा च पात्यन्ते त एव तपसः क्षयात् ॥१२॥
12. dattvā yācanti puruṣā hatvā vadhyanti cāpare .
pātayitvā ca pātyante ta eva tapasaḥ kṣayāt.
pātayitvā ca pātyante ta eva tapasaḥ kṣayāt.
12.
dattvā yācanti puruṣāḥ hatvā vadhyanti ca apare
pātayitvā ca pātyante te eva tapasaḥ kṣayāt
pātayitvā ca pātyante te eva tapasaḥ kṣayāt
12.
Men (puruṣa) give and then beg; others kill and are then killed. And having caused others to fall, they themselves fall, due to the depletion of their spiritual merit (tapas).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given
- याचन्ति (yācanti) - they ask, they beg
- पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men, persons, human beings
- हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, having struck
- वध्यन्ति (vadhyanti) - they are killed, they are slain
- च (ca) - and, also
- अपरे (apare) - others, other ones
- पातयित्वा (pātayitvā) - having caused to fall, having thrown down
- च (ca) - and, also
- पात्यन्ते (pātyante) - they fall, they are caused to fall
- ते (te) - those, they
- एव (eva) - indeed, only, just
- तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of spiritual merit (of austerity, penance, heat)
- क्षयात् (kṣayāt) - from destruction, from loss, from depletion
Words meanings and morphology
दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (indeclinable participle)
Derived from root dā with suffix -tvā
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Action completed before yācanti.
याचन्ति (yācanti) - they ask, they beg
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yāc
Present Indicative
3rd person plural, active voice
Root: yāc (class 1)
Note: Subject is puruṣāḥ.
पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men, persons, human beings
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣa
puruṣa - man, person, human being, spirit, the Supreme Being
Note: Subject of yācanti.
हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, having struck
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (indeclinable participle)
Derived from root han with suffix -tvā
Root: han (class 2)
Note: Action completed before vadhyanti.
वध्यन्ति (vadhyanti) - they are killed, they are slain
(verb)
3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of vadh
Present Indicative
3rd person plural, passive voice (from root han, vadh-yate)
Root: han (class 2)
Note: Subject is apare.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects clauses.
अपरे (apare) - others, other ones
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of apara
apara - other, another, subsequent
Note: Subject of vadhyanti.
पातयित्वा (pātayitvā) - having caused to fall, having thrown down
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (indeclinable participle) of the causative stem
Derived from causative stem of root pat with suffix -tvā
Root: pat (class 1)
Note: Action completed before pātyante.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects clauses.
पात्यन्ते (pātyante) - they fall, they are caused to fall
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of pat
Present Indicative, Middle Voice (causative passive)
3rd person plural, middle voice, from causative stem pātay (passive)
Root: pat (class 1)
Note: The passive of the causative verb.
ते (te) - those, they
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
Note: Subject of pātyante.
एव (eva) - indeed, only, just
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphasizes te.
तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of spiritual merit (of austerity, penance, heat)
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of tapas
tapas - austerity, penance, religious mortification, heat, spiritual power
Root: tap (class 1)
Note: Possessive/partitive of kṣayāt.
क्षयात् (kṣayāt) - from destruction, from loss, from depletion
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of kṣaya
kṣaya - destruction, loss, decay, decrease, waste
Derived from root kṣi with suffix -aya
Root: kṣi (class 5)
Note: Indicates cause.