मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-4, verse-34
कथं च द्रौपदेयास्तेऽकृतदारा महारथाः ।
पाण्डुनाथा महात्मानो वधमापुरनाथवत् ॥३४॥
पाण्डुनाथा महात्मानो वधमापुरनाथवत् ॥३४॥
34. kathaṃ ca draupadeyāste'kṛtadārā mahārathāḥ .
pāṇḍunāthā mahātmāno vadhamāpuranāthavat.
pāṇḍunāthā mahātmāno vadhamāpuranāthavat.
34.
kathaṃ ca draupadeyāḥ te akṛtadārāḥ mahārathāḥ
pāṇḍunāthāḥ mahātmānaḥ vadham āpuḥ anāthavat
pāṇḍunāthāḥ mahātmānaḥ vadham āpuḥ anāthavat
34.
And how did those great charioteers, the noble sons of Draupadi, who were still unmarried and had the Pandavas as their protectors, meet their death so helplessly?
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what manner
- च (ca) - and, also
- द्रौपदेयाः (draupadeyāḥ) - sons of Draupadi
- ते (te) - those, they
- अकृतदाराः (akṛtadārāḥ) - unmarried, those whose wives were not taken
- महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, great warriors
- पाण्डुनाथाः (pāṇḍunāthāḥ) - Protected by the Pandava brothers (having Pandu as their lord/protector, protected by the Pandavas)
- महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - great souls, noble-minded ones
- वधम् (vadham) - slaughter, killing, death
- आपुः (āpuḥ) - they obtained, they met, they reached
- अनाथवत् (anāthavat) - like those without a protector, helplessly
Words meanings and morphology
कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what manner
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
द्रौपदेयाः (draupadeyāḥ) - sons of Draupadi
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of draupadeya
draupadeya - son of Draupadi
Derivative from Draupadī + -eya
ते (te) - those, they
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
अकृतदाराः (akṛtadārāḥ) - unmarried, those whose wives were not taken
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of akṛtadāra
akṛtadāra - unmarried, one who has not taken a wife
Bahuvrihi compound: a (negation) + kṛta (made) + dāra (wife)
Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+kṛta+dāra)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - kṛta – done, made
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root kṛ (to do)
Root: kṛ (class 8) - dāra – wife
noun (masculine)
महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, great warriors
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha
mahāratha - great charioteer, great warrior
Karmadharaya or Tatpurusha compound: mahā (great) + ratha (chariot/warrior)
Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+ratha)
- mahā – great, mighty
adjective - ratha – chariot, warrior (who fights from a chariot)
noun (masculine)
पाण्डुनाथाः (pāṇḍunāthāḥ) - Protected by the Pandava brothers (having Pandu as their lord/protector, protected by the Pandavas)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍunātha
pāṇḍunātha - having Pandu as a lord/protector, protected by Pandu/Pandavas
Bahuvrihi compound: Pāṇḍu (name) + nātha (lord, protector)
Compound type : bahuvrihi (pāṇḍu+nātha)
- pāṇḍu – Pandu (name of king, father of Pandavas)
proper noun (masculine) - nātha – lord, master, protector
noun (masculine)
महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - great souls, noble-minded ones
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of mahātman
mahātman - great soul, noble-minded, exalted (referring to ātman)
Karmadharaya compound: mahā (great) + ātman (soul)
Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+ātman)
- mahā – great, mighty
adjective - ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
noun (masculine)
वधम् (vadham) - slaughter, killing, death
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha
vadha - slaughter, killing, death, striking
From root 'vadh' (to strike, kill)
Root: vadh (class 1)
आपुः (āpuḥ) - they obtained, they met, they reached
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of āp
Perfect (lit) third person plural, from root āp (to obtain)
Prefix: ā
Root: āp (class 5)
अनाथवत् (anāthavat) - like those without a protector, helplessly
(indeclinable)
Formed with suffix -vat (like) from anātha (without a protector). Anātha is a Bahuvrihi compound: a (negation) + nātha (protector).