मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-18, verse-4
दत्त्वार्थरक्षिभिर्मार्गे रक्षितो याति दस्युतः ।
गोपाश्च घृततक्रादेः षड्भागञ्च कृषीबलाः ॥४॥
गोपाश्च घृततक्रादेः षड्भागञ्च कृषीबलाः ॥४॥
4. dattvārtharakṣibhirmārge rakṣito yāti dasyutaḥ .
gopāśca ghṛtatakrādeḥ ṣaḍbhāgañca kṛṣībalāḥ.
gopāśca ghṛtatakrādeḥ ṣaḍbhāgañca kṛṣībalāḥ.
4.
dattvā artharakṣibhiḥ mārge rakṣitaḥ yāti dasyutaḥ
gopāḥ ca ghṛtatakrādeḥ ṣaḍbhāgam ca kṛṣībalāḥ
gopāḥ ca ghṛtatakrādeḥ ṣaḍbhāgam ca kṛṣībalāḥ
4.
A person, protected on the road by those who guard property after giving them their due, goes safely from robbers. Likewise, cowherds and farmers also give a sixth share of ghee, buttermilk, and similar produce.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given (taxes/dues) (having given, having offered)
- अर्थरक्षिभिः (artharakṣibhiḥ) - by those officials who protect property (by those who protect wealth/property, by wealth-protectors)
- मार्गे (mārge) - on the journey, during travel (on the road, on the path, in the way)
- रक्षितः (rakṣitaḥ) - protected (from danger) (protected, guarded)
- याति (yāti) - travels safely (goes, proceeds, travels)
- दस्युतः (dasyutaḥ) - safe from robbers (from robbers, from bandits)
- गोपाः (gopāḥ) - cowherds, protectors of cows
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- घृततक्रादेः (ghṛtatakrādeḥ) - of dairy products like ghee and buttermilk (of ghee, buttermilk, etc.)
- षड्भागम् (ṣaḍbhāgam) - a sixth share (as a tax) (a sixth part, one-sixth share)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- कृषीबलाः (kṛṣībalāḥ) - farmers, cultivators
Words meanings and morphology
दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given (taxes/dues) (having given, having offered)
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Formed with suffix -tvā
Root: dā (class 3)
अर्थरक्षिभिः (artharakṣibhiḥ) - by those officials who protect property (by those who protect wealth/property, by wealth-protectors)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of artharakṣin
artharakṣin - protector of wealth, guardian of property
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+rakṣin)
- artha – wealth, property, purpose, meaning
noun (masculine) - rakṣin – protector, guard
noun (masculine)
Agent noun
Derived from root rakṣ (to protect)
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
मार्गे (mārge) - on the journey, during travel (on the road, on the path, in the way)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of mārga
mārga - road, path, way, route
रक्षितः (rakṣitaḥ) - protected (from danger) (protected, guarded)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of rakṣita
rakṣita - protected, guarded, preserved
Past Passive Participle
From root rakṣ (to protect) with suffix -ita
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
Note: The implied subject (e.g., a person) is in the nominative.
याति (yāti) - travels safely (goes, proceeds, travels)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā
Present Active Indicative
3rd person singular, parasmaipada
Root: yā (class 2)
दस्युतः (dasyutaḥ) - safe from robbers (from robbers, from bandits)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of dasyu
dasyu - robber, bandit, enemy, demon
Note: The -taḥ suffix can form an indeclinable from a noun, indicating origin or separation. Here, it functions as an ablative.
गोपाः (gopāḥ) - cowherds, protectors of cows
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of gopa
gopa - cowherd, herdsman, protector of cows
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
घृततक्रादेः (ghṛtatakrādeḥ) - of dairy products like ghee and buttermilk (of ghee, buttermilk, etc.)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of ghṛtatakrādi
ghṛtatakrādi - ghee, buttermilk, and so on; beginning with ghee and buttermilk
Compound type : dvandva (ghṛta+takra+ādi)
- ghṛta – ghee, clarified butter
noun (neuter) - takra – buttermilk, sour milk
noun (neuter) - ādi – beginning, start, and so on, etc.
noun (masculine)
षड्भागम् (ṣaḍbhāgam) - a sixth share (as a tax) (a sixth part, one-sixth share)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of ṣaḍbhāga
ṣaḍbhāga - a sixth part, one-sixth share
Compound type : dvigu (ṣaṭ+bhāga)
- ṣaṭ – six
numeral - bhāga – part, share, portion
noun (masculine)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
कृषीबलाः (kṛṣībalāḥ) - farmers, cultivators
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛṣībala
kṛṣībala - farmer, cultivator, agriculturalist
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛṣi+bala)
- kṛṣi – agriculture, cultivation, plowing
noun (feminine)
Root: kṛṣ (class 1) - bala – strength, power, force
noun (neuter)
Note: The implied verb 'give' applies to gopāḥ ca ... kṛṣībalāḥ.