महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-19, verse-52

गजस्थाश्च महामात्रा निर्भिन्नहृदया रणे ।
रथिभिः पातिता भल्लैर्विकीर्णाङ्कुशतोमराः ॥५२॥

52. gajasthāśca mahāmātrā nirbhinnahṛdayā raṇe ,
rathibhiḥ pātitā bhallairvikīrṇāṅkuśatomarāḥ.

52. gajasthāḥ ca mahāmātrāḥ nirbhinnahṛdayāḥ raṇe
rathibhiḥ pātitāḥ bhallaiḥ vikīrṇāṅkuśatomarāḥ

52. raṇe gajasthāḥ ca nirbhinnahṛdayāḥ vikīrṇāṅkuśatomarāḥ
mahāmātrāḥ rathibhiḥ bhallaiḥ pātitāḥ

52. In battle, the great officers, who were mounted on elephants, their hearts pierced and their elephant-goads and lances scattered, were struck down by charioteers with spears.

Words meanings summery:

• गजस्थाः (gajasthāḥ) - elephant-mounted; standing on elephants

• च (ca) - and

• महामात्राः (mahāmātrāḥ) - great officers; great ministers

• निर्भिन्नहृदयाः (nirbhinnahṛdayāḥ) - with pierced hearts; having broken hearts

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle; on the battlefield

• रथिभिः (rathibhiḥ) - by charioteers

• पातिताः (pātitāḥ) - caused to fall; struck down; killed

• भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) - by spears; by darts

• विकीर्णाङ्कुशतोमराः (vikīrṇāṅkuśatomarāḥ) - whose goads and lances were scattered; with scattered goads and lances

Words meanings and morphology

गजस्थाः (gajasthāḥ) - elephant-mounted; standing on elephants

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gajastha

gajastha - standing on an elephant, elephant-mounted

Compound: gaja (elephant) + stha (standing). Upapada Tatpurusha.

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (gaja+stha)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  Krt suffix -a
  Derived from root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

महामात्राः (mahāmātrāḥ) - great officers; great ministers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāmātra

mahāmātra - great officer, minister, chief dignitary

Tatpurusha compound: mahā (great) + mātra (measure, here: officer/minister).

Compound type : karmadhāraya tatpurusha (mahā+mātra)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• mātra – measure, quantity, only; (as a noun) an officer, minister
  noun (masculine)

निर्भिन्नहृदयाः (nirbhinnahṛdayāḥ) - with pierced hearts; having broken hearts

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirbhinnahṛdaya

nirbhinnahṛdaya - whose hearts are pierced, broken-hearted

Bahuvrihi compound: nirbhinna (pierced) + hṛdaya (heart).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nirbhinna+hṛdaya)

• nirbhinna – pierced, rent, broken
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root bhid (to split, pierce) with upasarga nir-.
  Prefix: nir
  Root: bhid (class 7)
• hṛdaya – heart, mind, soul
  noun (neuter)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle; on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war, conflict

रथिभिः (rathibhiḥ) - by charioteers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

Derived from ratha (chariot) with suffix -in.

पातिताः (pātitāḥ) - caused to fall; struck down; killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pātita

pātita - caused to fall, thrown down, struck down, killed

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Derived from the causative stem of pat (to fall) + -ta.

Root: pat (class 1)

भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) - by spears; by darts

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhalla

bhalla - a spear, dart, arrow

विकीर्णाङ्कुशतोमराः (vikīrṇāṅkuśatomarāḥ) - whose goads and lances were scattered; with scattered goads and lances

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vikīrṇāṅkuśatomara

vikīrṇāṅkuśatomara - having their elephant-goads and lances scattered

Bahuvrihi compound: vikīrṇa (scattered) + aṅkuśa (goad) + tomara (lance).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vikīrṇa+aṅkuśa+tomara)

• vikīrṇa – scattered, strewn, dispersed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root kṝ (to scatter) with upasarga vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kṝ (class 6)
• aṅkuśa – elephant-goad
  noun (masculine)
• tomara – a lance, javelin, iron crow
  noun (masculine)