महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-19, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
परिणाम्य निशां तां तु भारद्वाजो महारथः ।
बहूक्त्वा च ततो राजन्राजानं च सुयोधनम् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
pariṇāmya niśāṁ tāṁ tu bhāradvājo mahārathaḥ ,
bahūktvā ca tato rājanrājānaṁ ca suyodhanam.

1. saṃjaya uvāca pariṇāmya niśām tām tu bhāradvājaḥ
mahārathaḥ bahūktvā ca tataḥ rājan rājānam ca suyodhanam

1. saṃjaya uvāca he rājan tu tām niśām pariṇāmya
ca tataḥ rājānam suyodhanam bahūktvā ca

1. Sanjaya said: Indeed, having passed that night, Bharadvāja's son, the great charioteer, then, O King, after having spoken many words to King Suyodhana (Duryodhana)...

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• परिणाम्य (pariṇāmya) - having spent (the night) (having spent, having passed, having transformed)

• निशाम् (niśām) - night

• ताम् (tām) - that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• भारद्वाजः (bhāradvājaḥ) - Droṇa, son of Bharadvāja (son of Bharadvāja (Drona))

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, great warrior

• बहूक्त्वा (bahūktvā) - having said many things, having spoken much

• च (ca) - and, also

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhritarashtra (to whom Sanjaya is narrating) (O king)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - King Suyodhana (Duryodhana) (to the king)

• च (ca) - and, also

• सुयोधनम् (suyodhanam) - Suyodhana (Duryodhana)

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

परिणाम्य (pariṇāmya) - having spent (the night) (having spent, having passed, having transformed)

(indeclinable)

gerund (absolutive)

Formed with prefix pari- and root nam.

Prefix: pari

Root: nam (class 1)

निशाम् (niśām) - night

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of niśā

niśā - night

Note: Object of pariṇāmya.

ताम् (tām) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she

Note: Qualifies niśām.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

भारद्वाजः (bhāradvājaḥ) - Droṇa, son of Bharadvāja (son of Bharadvāja (Drona))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāradvāja

bhāradvāja - a descendant of Bharadvāja; refers to Droṇa

Patronymic.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, great warrior

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great charioteer; a warrior who can fight many thousands of warriors single-handedly

Tatpuruṣa compound: mahā (great) + ratha (chariot/warrior)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rath (class 1)

Note: Qualifies bhāradvājaḥ.

बहूक्त्वा (bahūktvā) - having said many things, having spoken much

(indeclinable)

gerund (absolutive)

Compound of bahu (many) and uktvā (having spoken).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bahu+uktvā)

• bahu – many, much
  adjective
• uktvā – having spoken, having said
  indeclinable
  gerund (absolutive)
  From root √vac (to speak) + tvā suffix.
  Root: vac (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhritarashtra (to whom Sanjaya is narrating) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

राजानम् (rājānam) - King Suyodhana (Duryodhana) (to the king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of implied verb of speaking, qualifies Suyodhanam.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects rājānam and suyodhanam in apposition.

सुयोधनम् (suyodhanam) - Suyodhana (Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suyodhana

suyodhana - Suyodhana (another name for Duryodhana)

Literally 'one who fights well'.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of implied verb of speaking.