महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-19, verse-34

नैव स्वे न परे राजन्नज्ञायन्त परस्परम् ।
अनुमानेन संज्ञाभिर्युद्धं तत्समवर्तत ॥३४॥

34. naiva sve na pare rājannajñāyanta parasparam ,
anumānena saṁjñābhiryuddhaṁ tatsamavartata.

34. na eva sve na pare rājan ajñāyanta parasparam
anumānena saṃjñābhiḥ yuddham tat samavartata

34. rājan sve na eva pare na parasparam ajñāyanta
tat yuddham anumānena saṃjñābhiḥ samavartata

34. Neither one's own men nor the enemies, O King, could recognize each other. That battle proceeded by inference and by signs.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, neither

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• स्वे (sve) - one's own soldiers or allies (one's own (men))

• न (na) - nor, not

• परे (pare) - others, enemies

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O King)

• अज्ञायन्त (ajñāyanta) - could be recognized (negated by 'na') (were known, were recognized)

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

• अनुमानेन (anumānena) - by inference, by conjecture, by guess

• संज्ञाभिः (saṁjñābhiḥ) - by signs, by signals, by tokens

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

• तत् (tat) - that specific battle (that)

• समवर्तत (samavartata) - it proceeded, it happened, it took place

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, neither

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

स्वे (sve) - one's own soldiers or allies (one's own (men))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sva

sva - one's own, self; one's own people, kinsmen, property

न (na) - nor, not

(indeclinable)

परे (pare) - others, enemies

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, enemy, supreme, distant

राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

अज्ञायन्त (ajñāyanta) - could be recognized (negated by 'na') (were known, were recognized)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of jñā

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paraspara

paraspara - mutual, reciprocal; each other

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'mutually'.

अनुमानेन (anumānena) - by inference, by conjecture, by guess

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of anumāna

anumāna - inference, conclusion, conjecture, guess

Prefix: anu

Root: mā (class 3)

संज्ञाभिः (saṁjñābhiḥ) - by signs, by signals, by tokens

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of saṃjñā

saṁjñā - sign, mark, signal, designation, name, consciousness

Prefix: sam

Root: jñā (class 9)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war; fought, warring

Past Passive Participle (when used as adjective)

Root: yudh (class 4)

तत् (tat) - that specific battle (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agrees with 'yuddham'.

समवर्तत (samavartata) - it proceeded, it happened, it took place

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Prefixes: sam+a

Root: vṛt (class 1)