महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-19, verse-17

तस्य प्राग्ज्योतिषो मध्ये विधिवत्कल्पितं गजम् ।
आस्थितः शुशुभे राजन्नंशुमानुदये यथा ॥१७॥

17. tasya prāgjyotiṣo madhye vidhivatkalpitaṁ gajam ,
āsthitaḥ śuśubhe rājannaṁśumānudaye yathā.

17. tasya prāgjyotiṣaḥ madhye vidhivat kalpitam
gajam āsthitaḥ śuśubhe rājan aṃśumān udaye yathā

17. rājan tasya prāgjyotiṣaḥ madhye vidhivat kalpitam
gajam āsthitaḥ śuśubhe aṃśumān udaye yathā

17. O King (rājan)! The one from Prāgjyotiṣa (prāgjyotiṣaḥ), positioned on an elephant duly arranged in the center of that (formation), shone brilliantly, just as the sun (aṃśumān) appears at sunrise.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (battle formation from the previous verse) (of that, its)

• प्राग्ज्योतिषः (prāgjyotiṣaḥ) - of the King of Prāgjyotiṣa (Bhagadatta, implied agent of āsthitaḥ) (of Prāgjyotiṣa (an ancient kingdom))

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the center (of the battle formation) (in the middle, in the center)

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule, properly, duly

• कल्पितम् (kalpitam) - arranged, prepared (elephant) (arranged, fashioned, placed, made)

• गजम् (gajam) - elephant

• आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - seated upon (the elephant) (seated, mounted, stationed, established)

• शुशुभे (śuśubhe) - he shone, appeared splendid

• राजन् (rājan) - O Dhritarashtra! (the recipient of the narration) (O king!)

• अंशुमान् (aṁśumān) - the sun (lit. 'possessing rays')

• उदये (udaye) - at sunrise (at rising, at dawn, at origin)

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of that (battle formation from the previous verse) (of that, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the `vyūhaḥ`.

प्राग्ज्योतिषः (prāgjyotiṣaḥ) - of the King of Prāgjyotiṣa (Bhagadatta, implied agent of āsthitaḥ) (of Prāgjyotiṣa (an ancient kingdom))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of prāgjyotiṣa

prāgjyotiṣa - name of an ancient kingdom in Eastern India, a resident or ruler of Prāgjyotiṣa

Note: Implies the king who rules Prāgjyotiṣa.

मध्ये (madhye) - in the center (of the battle formation) (in the middle, in the center)

(indeclinable)

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule, properly, duly

(indeclinable)

Formed with the suffix -vat, indicating 'like' or 'according to' (vidhi: rule, precept)

कल्पितम् (kalpitam) - arranged, prepared (elephant) (arranged, fashioned, placed, made)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kalpita

kalpita - arranged, fashioned, prepared, imagined, created

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kḷp (to be in order, arrange)

Root: kḷp (class 1)

गजम् (gajam) - elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - elephant

Root: gaj (class 1)

Note: Object of the action implied by āsthitaḥ.

आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - seated upon (the elephant) (seated, mounted, stationed, established)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsthita

āsthita - seated, mounted, situated, standing upon, established

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with ā prefix

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (the king of Prāgjyotiṣa).

शुशुभे (śuśubhe) - he shone, appeared splendid

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (lit) of śubh

perfect middle

3rd person singular, perfect tense, middle voice

Root: śubh (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O Dhritarashtra! (the recipient of the narration) (O king!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

अंशुमान् (aṁśumān) - the sun (lit. 'possessing rays')

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṃśumat

aṁśumat - luminous, radiant, the sun (lit. 'possessing rays')

Formed with the matup suffix, indicating possession.

Note: Used as a simile for the king.

उदये (udaye) - at sunrise (at rising, at dawn, at origin)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of udaya

udaya - rising, ascent, dawn, prosperity, origin

Derived from root i (to go) with ud prefix

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

(indeclinable)