महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-19, verse-15

द्रोणेन विहितो व्यूहः पदात्यश्वरथद्विपैः ।
वातोद्धूतार्णवाकारः प्रवृत्त इव लक्ष्यते ॥१५॥

15. droṇena vihito vyūhaḥ padātyaśvarathadvipaiḥ ,
vātoddhūtārṇavākāraḥ pravṛtta iva lakṣyate.

15. droṇena vihitaḥ vyūhaḥ padātyaśvarathadvipaiḥ
vātauddhūtārṇavākāraḥ pravṛttaḥ iva lakṣyate

15. droṇena padātyaśvarathadvipaiḥ vihitaḥ vyūhaḥ
vātauddhūtārṇavākāraḥ pravṛttaḥ iva lakṣyate

15. The battle formation (vyūha) arranged by Drona, comprising infantry, cavalry, chariots, and elephants, appears like an ocean agitated by the wind, as if it has been set in motion.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Drona

• विहितः (vihitaḥ) - arranged, formed, created, performed

• व्यूहः (vyūhaḥ) - battle array, formation, arrangement

• पदात्यश्वरथद्विपैः (padātyaśvarathadvipaiḥ) - by foot soldiers, horses, chariots, and elephants

• वातौद्धूतार्णवाकारः (vātauddhūtārṇavākāraḥ) - having the appearance of an ocean agitated by wind

• प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - active, begun, set in motion, engaged in

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is seen, appears, is perceived

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Drona

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Name of a famous guru and warrior in the Mahābhārata

विहितः (vihitaḥ) - arranged, formed, created, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vihita

vihita - arranged, formed, performed, created, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dhā (to place, set) with vi prefix

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

व्यूहः (vyūhaḥ) - battle array, formation, arrangement

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyūha

vyūha - battle array, military formation, arrangement, disposition

Prefix: vi

Root: ūh (class 1)

पदात्यश्वरथद्विपैः (padātyaśvarathadvipaiḥ) - by foot soldiers, horses, chariots, and elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of padātyaśvarathadvipa

padātyaśvarathadvipa - infantry, cavalry, chariots, and elephants (the four divisions of an army)

A dvandva compound listing the four traditional components of an army

Compound type : dvandva (padāti+aśva+ratha+dvipa)

• padāti – foot soldier, infantry
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse, cavalry
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• dvipa – elephant (lit. 'two-drinker', referring to its trunk and mouth)
  noun (masculine)

वातौद्धूतार्णवाकारः (vātauddhūtārṇavākāraḥ) - having the appearance of an ocean agitated by wind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vātauddhūtārṇavākāra

vātauddhūtārṇavākāra - resembling an ocean agitated by wind; having the form of a wind-tossed sea

A descriptive compound (bahuvrīhi or karmadhāraya)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāta+uddhūta+arṇava+ākāra)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vā (class 2)
• uddhūta – agitated, shaken, stirred up, tossed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhū (to shake, agitate) with ud prefix
  Prefix: ud
  Root: dhū (class 5)
• arṇava – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
• ākāra – form, shape, appearance, semblance
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - active, begun, set in motion, engaged in

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - active, begun, set in motion, engaged in, manifested

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛt (to turn, exist) with pra prefix

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is seen, appears, is perceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of lakṣ

present passive

3rd person singular, present tense, passive voice

Root: lakṣ (class 10)